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Par Romain Rosso Avec 35,9 milliards d'euros (+5% par rapport à l'an dernier), la France consacre 1,82% de la richesse nationale à sa défense. Longtemps en déflation, le budget de la Défense est désormais une priorité nationale. A l'heure de la réduction de la dépense publique, le ministère des Armées est le grand gagnant des arbitrages budgétaires pour 2019. Les Armées présentent un budget en hausse de 5% par rapport à 2018, pour un montant de 35,9 milliards d'euros (hors pensions)*. "Pour mesurer le chemin parcouru, souligne l'hôtel de Brienne, c'est près de 4 milliards de plus qu'en 2016, après les attentats de Paris et l'actualisation de la précédente Loi de programmation militaire (LPM) [sous François Hollande, ndlr]. Pendant la même période, les crédits alloués à l'équipement des forces armées ont progressé, eux, de 2,5 milliards d'euros, soit 19,5 milliards d'euros en 2019." La question des crédits accordés à la défense est devenue sensible depuis la démission fracassante de l'ancien chef d'état-major des armées, le général Pierre de Villiers, en juillet 2017. L'officier s'était alors fait rabroué par le président de la République après avoir critiqué des coupes budgétaires. Pas de surprise cette année : avec une augmentation de 1,7 milliard d'euros, ce budget 2019 suit une trajectoire conforme à celle inscrite dans la nouvelle LPM, votée en juin dernier. Celle-ci prévoit une hausse substantielle, de l'ordre de 295 milliards d'euros, à l'horizon 2025. Renouveler des avions et des blindés hors d''ge Ces sommes permettront de "régénérer", c'est-à-dire de réparer, et surtout de renouveler certaines capacités les plus anciennes, dont les armées ont cruellement besoin lors des nombreuses opérations extérieures qu'elles mènent, notamment en Afrique et au Levant sur le thé'tre irako-syrien. Ainsi, le premier avion ravitailleur MRTT (un gros airbus A330) doit enfin arriver, en octobre, en remplacement des appareils actuels qui datent des années 1960. Douze appareils neufs sont prévus d'ici à 2023. Six drones Reaper seront aussi livrés : plusieurs sont déjà déployés au Sahel, où ils sont des outils indispensables dans la guerre contre les groupes armées djihadistes. Nouveauté : ces drones seront armés, comme l'a annoncé la ministre l'an dernier. Le futur porte-avions à l'étude L'armée de terre, elle, attend la livraison de 89 véhicules Griffon, un blindé "multirôle" à 6 roues motrices, pouvant partager en temps réel ses données avec les autres, à la place des VAB, eux aussi, hors d''ge. Quant à la marine, elle recevra une frégate multimissions (Fremm). Autre bonne nouvelle pour les marins : les études pour le futur porte-avions, qui doit succéder au Charles-de-Gaulle d'ici à 2040, ont été lancées. Si l'hypothèse d'un second navire étendard fait partie de la réflexion, il est peu probable qu'elle soit retenue, en raison du coût d'un tel outil, dans un horizon stratégique imprévisible et lointain. "Le choix se fera après la LPM", glisse-t-on à Brienne. Dans les prochaines années, un autre débat risque d'être encore plus animé, lié à la dissuasion nucléaire. 400 millions d'euros supplémentaires viennent d'être alloués à la modernisation de ses deux composantes (aérienne et navale) : missile, système de transmission, programme de simulation... Avec 4,45 milliards d'euros consacrés en 2019 à l'armement atomique, la "clef de voûte" de la défense nationale consume près de 23% du budget d'équipement des armées et 12% du budget global. Ce montant va aller croissant à partir de 2020. Certains, notamment dans l'armée de terre, craignent que cela ne se fasse aux dépens de l'armement conventionnel. Améliorer le quotidien des soldats Il n'y a pas que les grands équipements. Florence Parly en fait son mantra : la LPM, dite à "hauteur d'homme", prévoit d'améliorer le quotidien du soldat. Par exemple, en renforçant les petits équipements individuels, tels que les treillis intégrant une protection contre le feu ou les gilets pare-balles - 25 000, sur les 55 000 prévus à terme, doivent être livrés. De même que 8 000 nouveaux fusils d'assaut allemand HK 416, qui remplacent depuis peu les fameux Famas français. Quant au "plan familles", il bénéficiera de 57 millions d'euros supplémentaires. Au total, 450 postes seront créés, dont les trois quarts iront au renseignement et à la cyberdéfense. Le ministère des Armées affiche désormais la volonté de rendre son budget "sincère". Ainsi, les provisions des opérations extérieures (opex), naguère sous-évaluées en début d'exercice, progressent de 200 millions d'euros, à hauteur de 850 millions d'euros. Elles seront progressivement portées à 1,1 milliard d'euros, proche de leur coût réel. Si, malgré tout, des surcoûts devaient survenir, ils seraient pris en charge par la solidarité interministérielle, indique-t-on à Brienne. Dans le cas inverse - peu probable dans le contexte actuel - où les opex coûteraient moins cher dans l'avenir, les Armées conserveraient le surplus. Aux armées désormais de payer les "opex" Si la franchise a des vertus, elle n'en masque pas moins un changement de périmètre : "Tout ce qui concourt à rendre 'sincère' le budget est une bonne chose, relevait, dans une interview à L'Express, le général Pierre de Villiers, ancien chef d'état-major des armées. Toutefois, je note que, dans le programme présidentiel [du candidat Macron], le budget des armées 2025 devait s'élever à 50 milliards d'euros courants, hors pensions et hors opex." En clair, ce sont désormais les armées qui paient le surcoût des opérations extérieures et non plus la solidarité gouvernementale. Quant à la fameuse trajectoire prévue, elle sera portée à 3 milliards d'euros supplémentaires par an [soit 44 milliards d'euros en totalité] à partir de 2023, c'est-à-dire au-delà du quinquennat. * Une première augmentation de 1,8 milliard avait été décidée l'an dernier, qui a couvert les engagements de la précédente mandature. https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/budget-2019-l-armee-se-debarrasse-de-ses-vieilleries_2036930.html

BERLIN (Reuters) - Germany's planned 4 billion euro ($4.71 billion) tender to buy new heavy-lift helicopters that was due to be issued this autumn will be delayed, according to an official document seen by Reuters on Wednesday. The planned start of the tender by the end of September would be “delayed until further notice,” the office in charge of military procurement said in a letter to several defense firms. The procurement office did not give a reason for the delay or say when the tender would be launched. “As soon as a new date is fixed, we will inform you immediately”, it said in the short letter. The Bundeswehr, the German military, is due to receive 45 to 60 heavy-lift transport helicopters in the coming decade. Defence Minister Ursula von der Leyen earlier indicated the tender could be delayed as financing of the project was not yet secured in the ongoing parliamentary budget negotiations. Von der Leyen, a member of Chancellor Angela Merkel's conservatives, is pushing for steeper military spending hikes, but she faces resistance from the Social Democrat-led finance ministry, which prefers more spending on infrastructure and digitalization. Reporting by Sabine Siebold; Writing by Michael Nienaber https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-defence/germany-delays-tender-for-military-helicopters-document-idUSKCN1M6110

By: Valerie Insinna WASHINGTON — The U.S. Air Force is making changes to the way it sustains the B-1B Lancer bomber and C-5 Super Galaxy cargo plane, moving to a maintenance approach that will allow it to use data analytics to predict problems, the acting head of Air Force Materiel Command said. Both the B-1 and C-5 fleets transitioned to a conditions-based maintenance model last month, Lt. Gen. Robert McMurry, commander of the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center, told Defense News in a Sept. 18 interview. “Given the aging fleet situation that we have, we probably need to be using data better to take care of it — which is a drive toward what most everyone right now is saying is the right way to manage fleet sustainment, which is through condition-based maintenance and data analytics,” he said. “So we're trying to bring that on.” The approach — which involves using algorithms to predict the need for repairs rather than waiting for a part to break — is a standard practice in the commercial airline industry to help reduce maintenance-related delays or cancellations, but has been less common in the Air Force. AFMC determined it needed to make a greater push toward conditions-based maintenance as a result of servicewide reviews triggered by rising concerns about the number of aviation-related mishaps. The first review, directed by Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Dave Goldfein, involved a one-day standdown that would give flying and maintenance units a chance to communicate potential safety concerns up the chain of command. Gen. Ellen Pawlikowski, then the head of AFMC, also directed the organizations under her command, like the Air Force Sustaiment Center, to evaluate its own data. The reviews have since concluded, with the Air Force finding “two systems ... where high risk was accepted,” said McMurry, noting that “operational security does not allow us to identify them.” “Our process is dealing with those responsibly,” he added. The B-1 and C-5 were chosen as pilot programs for the conditions-based maintenance approach because they are sustained by airmen and have older, relatively small inventories, making for a more manageable data set. But the planes have something else in common — a recent history of well-publicized mishaps. The C-5 has sustained a number of nose landing gear malfunctions that led to a standdown and maintenance assessment in 2017. But despite a fix being put in place, there have still been problems with the gear, such as a March 2018 event where one C-5 landed on its nose at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, Texas. Meanwhile, the B-1 fleet was temporarily grounded in June after a safety investigation board found problems with ejection seat components while investigating a May 1 emergency landingwhere the ejection seats did not deploy. Full article: https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/air-force-association/2018/09/25/air-force-looks-to-data-analytics-to-help-solve-b-1-c-5-maintenance-challenges/

By Barbara Starr and Zachary Cohen, CNN Washington (CNN)The US Marine Corps' stealth F-35B Lightning fighter jet could fly its first combat mission within days, according to several US defense officials, who told CNN that the fifth-generation aircraft are currently aboard the USS Essex amphibious assault ship and should soon be in a position to conduct airstrikes over Afghanistan. The USS Essex has already sailed from the Gulf of Aden into the North Arabian Sea and is expected to move into the Persian Gulf in coming days, one official said. F-35 pilots have been conducting intelligence and surveillance missions in Somalia while on standby to conduct air support for US troops on the ground there if needed. While available for support, the advanced fighter jet was not used in an airstrike over Somalia on Saturday that killed 18 militants after US and local forces came under attack. In May, Israel Defense Forces said they were using their version of the F-35 in operational missions, striking at least two unspecified targets in the region. Full article: https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/25/politics/us-f-35-combat-missions

ORLANDO, Fla., Sept. 25, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Necessity sparks invention at the Innovation Center, now open at Lockheed Martin's (NYSE: LMT) Missiles and Fire Control (MFC) facility in Orlando, Florida. In this 6,500-square-foot space, employees are empowered with the technology and tools to develop creative solutions to complex problems. The company expects it to aid in the creation of new patents and the win of new multimillion-dollar contracts. Lockheed Martin IC-Opening-Sept 2018 "Innovation is our 'day job' — it is core to who we are and everything we do," said Frank St. John, executive vice president at MFC. "This facility gives employees the means to bring ideas from our unlimited imaginations to life. The result of which will help us invent technologies to solve previously unsolvable problems." Five specialized labs, a next-generation video conference capability and an interactive lobby serve more than 5,000 employees and counting amidst a hiring surge at the southwest Orlando facility. Virtual reality, robotics, computer-simulated environments, 3-D printing and more are available at workers' fingertips to encourage new ways of thinking and approaching business needs. The space will also host monthly hands-on demonstrations as well as live webcasts across the business. This is the second of its kind at MFC. In less than a year's time, the Innovation Center in Dallas, Texas, has helped secure millions of dollars' worth of captured programs. "The Innovation Center is a destination for our program teams to explore what's possible with the use of high technology," said Tom Mirek, vice president deputy of engineering and technology at MFC. "Like we already have in Dallas, we're going to recognize Orlando's Innovation Center for being a vital resource to the success of our company for years to come." Orlando's Innovation Center is comprised of five unique labs: The Application Research Experimentation & Simulation (ARES) facility allows teams to use their own computing environment and applications to conduct events on a rapidly reconfigurable 12-screen hyperwall. The Genesis Lab is where ideas are born, and one can incubate and develop concepts in a creative, resourceful environment — 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Employees have access to augmented and virtual reality, small robotics, Arduino, Raspberry Pi, high-powered computing, and 3-D printers. The Iris Lab offers an indoor robotics test bay for safe and controlled training, experiments, and research. The Engineering Visualization Environment Lab and its animators take complex ideas and bring them to life through feature-film quality renderings. The Polaris Lab employs sensor, optics and laser testing that provides rapid response for employees and program development. This is a fire-control-focused lab that can benchmark new technology. Opening early 2019. Employees in Orlando lead the aerospace and defense industry in their experience with technologies related to electro-optics, millimeter wave radar, image and signal processing, advanced materials, electronic packaging, and large-system integration. About Lockheed Martin Headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland, Lockheed Martin is a global security and aerospace company that employs approximately 100,000 people worldwide and is principally engaged in the research, design, development, manufacture, integration and sustainment of advanced technology systems, products and services. This year the company received three Edison Awards for ground-breaking innovations in autonomy, satellite technology and directed energy. SOURCE Lockheed Martin https://news.lockheedmartin.com/2018-09-25-Innovation-Center-Opens-at-Lockheed-Martin-in-Orlando

DAVID PUGLIESE, OTTAWA CITIZEN The Canadian Forces is expanding its permanent footprint in northern Canada. A new building project in Yellowknife will see the construction of a 7,600-m2 building for some of the technical services elements of the Joint Task Force North Area Support Unit, and the 1st Canadian Rangers Patrol Group Headquarters. “The technical services are for supply and materiel management, vehicle maintenance, transport, and traffic (which is mostly responsible for the movement of materiel),” Department of National Defence spokesman Andrew McKelvey noted in an email to Defence Watch. The project is in the early planning stages, with the request for proposals for the building's design expected to be tendered by mid-2019. The overall project is estimated between $50 million and $99 million and will include offices, an assembly space, which will double as a drill hall, and warehouse and garage space. There are 52 military and civilian personnel from 1 Canadian Rangers Patrol Group headquarters and 314 military and civilian personnel from Joint Task Force North currently stationed in Yellowknife. Only the Area Support Unit (North), part of Joint Task Force North, will be moving into the new building with 1 CRPG. As this project still is in the early planning stages, it is too soon to know this building's exact location, McKelvey said. Construction is expected to start in the 2020-2021 timeframe, with opening anticipated by 2024. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/defence-watch/canadian-forces-expands-presence-in-yellowknife

As a leading provider of high value logistics and support to Canadian defence for more than 35 years, Peraton recently completed its Calgary facility operations expansion and modernization. The new facility will enable broader support of Canada's CF-188 fighter fleet and position the company for future growth on fighter platforms and programs. Peraton's Calgary facility, at 76,000-plus square feet, now with an engineering lab for operational design and development, is a “one-stop-shop” for integrated logistics support. The site provides full life-cycle supply chain management for the largest allocation of government-owned materiel in Canada. “With our proven record of efficiency, having reduced costs for the CF-188 fleet, we are well equipped and ready to scale to support Canada's future fighter program,” said Gus Bontzos, president, Defence and Electronic Warfare sector. “We are also proud partners in spurring enterprise development, with 60 per cent of our supplier base in Canada comprised primarily of small to medium sized businesses.” Peraton's investment is helping to propel Calgary's economic growth, sparking renewed growth in specialized high-tech jobs. With its development of a platform-agnostic, scalable sustainment model that can optimize program performance for any platform–air, land, or sea, the Peraton model represents the next generation of cooperative military advancement. https://www.skiesmag.com/press-releases/peraton-expands-calgary-operations-to-advance-canada-defence-program-support

By: Jeff Jeong SEOUL — Thousands of South Korean jet fighters, helicopters, warships and missile systems will be fitted with sophisticated identifications technologies by the mid-2020s under a major weapons upgrade program, according to the military and defense companies. For the $2.2 billion deal to switch the decades-old Mode-4 Identification Friend or Foe, or IFF, system to the latest Mode-5, South Korea's arms procurement agency has started issuing a request for proposals. “The number of equipment eligible for the Mode-5 upgrade account approximately 2,000 related to 70 weapons systems,” according to a spokesman for the Defense Acquisition Program Administration. “The request for proposals will continued to be issued separately by the types of weapons systems over the coming weeks.” The upgrade program is in line with the transfer of IFF systems to the Mode-5 version by the U.S military, as the South Korean military conducts key operations with U.S. forces on the Korean Peninsula under the authority of the Combined Forces Command. By 2020, all NATO nations are required to introduce the Mode-5 systems, using advanced cryptographic techniques to secure their systems against electronic deception by adversaries. “This is a huge program as for the numbers and budget, and is strategically important to upgrading the battlefield capability of the South Korean military and its joint operations with allied forces,” said Kim Dae-young, a military analyst at the Korea Research Institute for National Strategy. “The new encrypted system will allow South Korean and its allied troops to work safely together, reducing the risk of friendly fire incidents, and it will also offer commanders a better view of the battlefield,” Kim added. IFF works by sending coded signals, with equipment on friendly planes and ships able to receive and instantly decode the encrypted challenge message, then send the appropriate response to identify themselves. Three South Korean defense manufacturers are competing for the IFF upgrade contract by teaming up with foreign IFF developers. They are Hanwha Systems, teaming up with U.S. company Raytheon and Hensoldt of Germany; LIG Nex1, with Italy's Leonardo and Thales of France; and Korea Aerospace Industries, joining hands with BAE Systems of the United Kingdom. Unlike the installation of the Mode-4, the technologies of which belong to foreign IFF makers, domestic companies are involved in the Mode-5 systems development and will locally produce the equipment for cost-effectiveness and sustainable integrated logistics support, according to Defense Acquisition Program Administration officials. Hanwha Systems, a leading defense electronics company formerly known as Samsung Thales, claims it has the advantage of having know-how related to IFF integration and design. “Our company was in charge of almost all Mode-4 upgrade programs in cooperation with foreign partners,” said Yoon Seok-joon, a consultant with Hanwha Systems' avionics business team. “Through the experience, we have much better knowledge of IFF design and functions than other local competitors. This is a clear advantage.” LIG Nex1, a precision missile developer, formed a task force in 2016 for Mode-5 upgrade work to seek related technology for localization. As a result, the company successfully localized a Mode-5 system for its KP-SAM Shin-Gung (or Chiron) shoulder-launched surface-to-air missiles with the help of Thales, which is contracted to provide Mode-5 technologies for ground weapons systems. “Based on the successful development of a Mode-5 device for Shin-Gung, we're now able to independently develop Mode-5 equipment for other weapons systems, such as Hybrid Biho air defense system; Chunma short-range surface-to-air missile; and TPS-830K low-altitude radar,” said Park Jung-ho, program manager of LIG Nex1's Mode-5 upgrade team. To help facilitate the certification of its Mode-5 systems by the U.S. Defense Department, LIG Nex1 recently signed an agreement with the U.S. defense system certification contractor KBR. Korea Aerospace Industries is expected to win contracts for Mode-5 devices to be fitted on advanced aircraft, including F-15K fighters, T-50 trainer jets and Surion utility helicopters. KAI develops the Surion platform. “We own thousands of platforms around the world with this product, so we have lots of experiences in the U.S. and other countries as well as with this IFF piece of equipment,” said Rob Peer, president of BAE Systems in Korea. “It's advanced technology with low weight, low power and cost effective. All of those things make it very effective.” Peer stressed that he feels BAE Systems' Mode-5 is the best fit for the systems of the F-35 fighter jet, which South Korea is to deploy in the coming years. https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2018/09/24/south-korean-military-to-upgrade-friend-or-foe-id-capability

Helmoed-Römer Heitman, Pretoria Saudi Arabia is considering investing in the defence industries of South Africa, the chief executive of Saudi Arabian Military Industries (SAMI) confirmed during the African Aerospace and Defence (AAD) exhibition. Dr Andreas Schwer's comments were made following an earlier vist by SAMI representatives to South Africa to discuss investment in national defence organisation Denel. SAMI's interest has centred on munitions, guided weapons, artillery systems, and optronics and the state-owned organisation has indicated that it would consider establishing a research and development centre in South Africa. SAMI's expression of interest coincided with comments from Denel acting chief executive Mike Kgobe who indicated that his company is actively seeking equity partners. https://www.janes.com/article/83303/sami-looks-to-investment-in-south-africa