Interview du général François Lecointre, chef d’État-Major des armées

Sur le même sujet

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  13 juillet 2020 | International, Aérospatial, Naval, Terrestre, C4ISR, Sécurité

  La défense, planche de salut de la filière aéronautique

  HASSAN MEDDAH RAFALE , COVID-19 , L'USINE AÉRO , AÉRONAUTIQUE , HAUTS-DE-SEINE PUBLIÉ LE 10/07/2020 À 11H06 Quand l'activité civile flanche, le marché militaire peut prendre le relais. À condition d'avoir déjà un pied dans la place et une vision à long terme. A Villeneuve-la-Garenne (Hauts-de-Seine), la vingtaine de compagnons de la PME Rafaut ne chôme pas. Dans leur atelier de mécanique et d'intégration, ils assemblent des emports, d'imposantes pièces mécaniques destinées à Dassault Aviation. Ces pièces qui se placent sous les ailes des Rafale servent à transporter soit des bombes, soit des réservoirs d'appoint. "Notre dualité est un facteur de robustesse, particulièrement appréciable dans cette crise du secteur aéronautique", se réjouit Bruno Berthet, le président de Rafaut. Les activités de défense ont représenté un véritable amortisseur pour cette PME de 400 salariés, dont les commandes pour Airbus (palonnier, freins de rotors...) se sont écroulées avec la crise du secteur aérien. Rafaut présente le profil quasi parfait de l'entreprise dite duale, avec ses 93 millions d'euros de chiffre d'affaires, répartis équitablement entre les activités civiles et militaires. Le groupe a, certes, fait appel à des mesures de chômage technique, mais de manière modérée en mettant 30 % de son personnel en activité partielle pour deux tiers de leur temps de travail. Pour les autres PME du secteur aéronautique, la défense peut-elle constituer une bouée de sauvetage ? Le ministère des Armées veut y croire et met la main à la poche. À l'occasion de l'annonce du plan de sauvetage de la filière aéronautique, début juin, Florence Parly, la ministre des Armées, a annoncé l'accélération de 600 millions d'euros de commandes militaires. L'armée de l'air a commandé trois long-courriers A 330 qui seront transformés en avions ravitailleurs MRTT. Initialement prévus en 2026, ils seront livrés à partir de l'an prochain. Le troisième exemplaire de l'avion léger de surveillance et de reconnaissance qui devait être livré en 2027 le sera en 2023. Les hélicoptéristes ne sont pas oubliés. L'armée va acheter par anticipation huit hélicoptères Caracal. Ils sont destinés à remplacer les Puma dès 2023, soit avec cinq ans d'avance. Enfin, les PME devraient être les principales bénéficiaires d'une commande de drones de surveillance pour la marine à livrer dès 2022. Des accréditations spécifiques "L'ensemble de ces commandes répond à un besoin opérationnel existant de nos forces armées. Nous allons simplement aller plus vite. Cette anticipation nous permettra de sauvegarder plus de 1 200 emplois pendant trois ans, et cela, partout en France", a précisé Florence Parly. L'initiative n'est pas totalement désintéressée. Le ministère ne voudrait surtout pas voir disparaître des fournisseurs stratégiques emportés par la crise économique. Depuis plusieurs semaines, ses équipes pilotent une task force interministérielle forte d'une centaine de personnes. À charge pour elles de quadriller le territoire, visiter les usines et les bureaux d'études, et d'identifier les entrepreneurs et les domaines à risque. Au total, près de 1 500 entreprises seront visitées. Les entreprises tentées de se diversifier vers la défense doivent impérativement avoir une vision de long terme... comme celles des armées qui s'appuient sur une loi de programmation militaire pluriannuelle. Sur la période 2019-2025, le ministère a consacré la part du lion de son budget à l'aéronautique pour renouveler ses flottes d'appareils, d'hélicoptères, de drones. Soit un montant de 19 milliards d'euros ! Toutefois, il serait illusoire de croire que toutes les PME de l'aéronautique pourront en bénéficier d'un simple claquement de doigts. "Pour servir les armées, les fournisseurs doivent passer par des dispositifs d'accréditation. C'est un long processus. Par ailleurs, ce n'est pas simple d'intégrer comme fournisseur un programme d'armement déjà lancé comme le Rafale ou l'A400M. Les tickets d'entrée sont chers", avertit Matthieu Lemasson, expert des questions aéronautiques et défense pour le cabinet PWC. Le cluster Normandie AeroEspace (NAE), qui regroupe plus d'une centaine de PME de l'aéronautique, est bien conscient de la difficulté. Il a lancé des actions tous azimuts pour accélérer leur diversification et notamment une formation pour obtenir une habilitation et une accréditation défense, sésames indispensables pour travailler dans le domaine de l'armement. Le cluster monte également des rencontres avec des représentants du ministère des Armées, de la Direction générale de l'armement (DGA), des grands industriels de l'armement pour connaître les opportunités à saisir... Avec un exemple à suivre : la PME Gauthier Connectique, fabricant de raccords électriques. Cette société (40 salariés, 5 millions d'euros de chiffres d'affaires) était, il y a dix ans encore, exclusivement positionnée sur l'aéronautique. Déjà présents sur le Rafale, ses raccords électriques sont en passe d'être homologués pour monter sur le M51, le missile stratégique de la dissuasion nucléaire. L'entreprise s'est également diversifiée dans le secteur spatial qui représente un tiers de son activité. "Entre la décision de se diversifier, et les premières commandes, il faut compter environ trois ans. Le fait d'avoir déjà comme clients Dassault Aviation, Safran et Thales nous a beaucoup aidés", souligne son président Luc Sevestre. La PME ne compte pas s'arrêter en si bon chemin. L'entreprise adapte sa technologie au milieu marin et terrestre et tente de séduire Naval Group, de même que Nexter, le fabricant du char Leclerc. Boeing mieux armé qu'Airbus pour traverser la crise ? Airbus va-t-il souffrir plus que son concurrent Boeing pour traverser la crise actuelle ? Si l'avionneur américain traîne le boulet du 737MAX, il a un atout considérable par rapport à son concurrent européen : le soutien du Pentagone, le premier acheteur au niveau mondial d'équipements militaires. Pour les forces armées américaines, Boeing livre à foison des avions de combats (F15 et F18) et des ravitailleurs (KC 46), des hélicoptères d'attaque et de transport de troupe (Chinook, Apache), des missiles... Au total, les activités de la branche défense, sécurité et espace ont pesé pour 34 % de son chiffre d'affaires en 2019, soit 76 milliards de dollars. Pour Airbus, l'activité défense pèse moins de 15 % des activités du groupe, soit 10 milliards d'euros de chiffres d'affaires en 2019. Le groupe avait raté l'occasion historique en 2012 de fusionner avec le britannique BAE Systems. Une telle opération aurait permis d'équilibrer les activités civiles et militaires de l'avionneur, le rêve de Louis Gallois, le président du groupe Airbus (alors EADS) entre 2007 et 2012. « À l'époque, les mauvaises langues disaient qu'il n'y avait pas d'intérêt et peu de synergies à cette opération. Cela aurait probablement constitué un ensemble plus robuste pour traverser la crise actuelle et permis de trouver des synergies utiles aussi bien en matière de gestion des effectifs que des programmes », souligne Matthieu Lemasson, expert des questions aéronautiques et défense pour PWC. https://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/la-defense-planche-de-salut-de-la-filiere-aeronautique.N982761

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  11 juin 2020 | International, C4ISR

  What the Army’s TITAN program means to multidomain operations

  Nathan Strout For a little more than one year, Brig. Gen. Rob Collins served as the program executive officer for Intelligence, Electronic Warfare and Sensors (IEW&S), where he was responsible for ensuring the soldier can detect, recognize and identify the enemy. Collins' vast portfolio included airborne and terrestrial sensors, position, navigation and timing devices, biometric solutions, and the TITAN ground station program, which will take data from aerial, terrestrial and space sensors to distribute essential data to shooters. The officer has a long career working in this arena: he previously served as project manager for the Army's Distributed Common Ground System and before that as product manager for the Warfighter Information Network-Tactical (WIN-T) Increments 2 and 3. On June 1, Collins officially took over as the new head of the Army's Program Executive Office – Command, Control and Communications (Tactical) where he will oversee the Army's network modernization efforts and work with the network cross functional team at Army Futures Command. In May, during his final days at PEO IEW&S, Collins talked to C4ISRNET's Nathan Strout about his approach to acquisitions, how the Army fits into Joint All Domain Command and Control, and the legacy he'll leave at the program office. This interview has been edited for clarity and length. C4ISRNET: How has your office helped the Department of Defense's shape its approach to Joint All Domain Command and Control? COLLINS: Enhancing deep sense and linking sensor to shooter is fundamental to our Army multi-domain operations concept, and really, the future of large-scale ground combat operations. And specifically for our PEO, we've been active partners in JADC2 efforts, working closely with our network (cross functional team) and our PEO C3T partners and the Assured Position Navigation and Timing cross functional-team in particular and the ISR task force at large, which is led by the G2. We're working on integrated architectures, multi-functional sensors that are integrated within the network for both [data] transport and mission command, and really solutions that are tailored to meet the unique requirements of our Army ground force. And when I say that, [I meant that they are] really at scale and they can meet the mobility requirements of our ground force. We operate at a scale and at an expeditionary mobile fashion which makes the Army a little bit unique. I'll tell you the collaborations that we've embarked upon with the [program officers] really assisted in some common design principles and components to assist in interoperability and really enabling sensor to shooter. Most recently within the PEO, we really helped the Army with some deep sensing ground stations — TITAN circuits if you will — that participated in some sensor to shooter threads in a training exercise [outside the continental United States]. So that really informed our approach. Across the PEO moving forward we've identified a lot of collaborative areas for experimentation demonstrations, tech maturity and really focused in on sensor integration and really data — how do we share data best across the battlefield? C4ISRNET: From the outside, it seems like TITAN will be an essential piece to the entire JADC2 concept, especially for the Army. How are you approaching redundancy and survivability to that system? COLLINS: TITAN is certainly a significant focus area in the modernization effort. It's a key component for our deep sense capability and really being scalable and expeditionary as an intelligence ground station and supporting commanders across the multi-domain operations battlefield framework. And we're really looking at TITAN to be kind of a LEGO approach that can be tailored based on the echelon it supports. And yes, one of the tenets is that it's going to leverage a multi-layered approach, a robust set of nodes from space, from high-altitude aerial to terrestrial sensors and assist with target nominations and link fires, command and control, informed by all the multi-disciplines of intelligence. And really as it connects all these various feeds, hundreds of thousands of intelligence feeds, it's going to employ artificial intelligence and machine learning to rapidly synthesize that information into meaningful info at the speed of battle —sometimes what we say is time can almost become a weapon in and by itself. Part of the analysis is taking a look at primary and alternate communications, what we call PACE, as part of the design, and I'll tell you TITAN is going to consist of a number of assured communications capabilities designed in the PACE plan, from Beyond Line-of-Sight communications, common tactical network components, direct downlinks, software-defined radios, and other IT and non-IP options that really span the gambit of the security domain. So we understand the criticality of PACE and it's one of these that we'll work closely with our network and APNT CFT partners as we continue to refine and define the concept. C4ISRNET: Speaking more broadly, a key function of JADC2 is being able to network with the other services and pull in their information to your shooters. When you look to the other services, what are the platforms, networks, or developments that you're excited to see feed into TITAN and other Army systems? COLLINS: We're always looking for opportunities to leverage national and other mission partner information, and that can span a number of sense capabilities, certainly within space. We certainly watch all things that are going on within low Earth orbit, capabilities that will provide a lot of opportunity. Across the joint force there are a number of areas — certainly within the Air Force — that have the ability to do deep sense with aerial platforms at altitude, so we watch that closely. And I would just tell you, even in the commercial arena even as far as the geospatial information there is a lot of collect capability. TITAN is really adopting an open systems architecture kind of baked in from the beginning [where it can take data from multiple sources], whether it's a [science and technology] effort — which could come from the Army or another agency — for intelligence warning capability or detect/assess/decide-type capability, or if it's leveraging a mission or national partner capability as I mentioned for deep sense, or really even adopting a commercial capability like geospatial collect or adopting a high performance data platform. C4ISRNET: Leaders at the Space Development Agency frequently note that the Army is the biggest customers for data collected from space. Can you speak a little bit about how you're looking at their architecture and tying into their transport layer? COLLINS: At least on the ISR side, we work closely with many of our partners as we look at opportunities to be able to leverage investments that they're making into the space sense capability, and certainly some of the things we have to be conscious of are the responsiveness to our tactical command. If they have intelligence requirements [we need to be able] to provide those back so we can get the persistent stare or the on demand access that we need for the tactical war fight. We certainly are also aware as we push that information down, some of the impacts that it may have on the Army networks that often operate on disconnected, intermittent, limited bandwidth environments, so to the extent that we can do processing as far forward at the point of collect and sense so we can only distribute the information that's absolutely necessary, we're working those concepts to do that. And that's where the artificial intelligence and machine learning comes into play. C4ISRNET: How have acquisitions changed over the last few years? From the outside we've seen a lot more usage of Other Transaction Authorities across the Department. What is your thinking on OTAs and other acquisition vehicles? COLLINS: We have really adapted our acquisitions — now more than ever — using more agile and more tailored acquisition approaches. Each endeavor, each capability that we go to pursue, often has a unique set of circumstances such as the technology maturity, the types of requirements, the types of things that we need to integrate—even our intellectual property approaches. Now more than ever, we've got multiple pathways on the acquisition approach that we can pursue: tailoring traditional, pursuing mid-tier, there's now software pathways, and there's always quick reaction and engineering change proposals to existing programs. So there's a number of different approaches, and I would tell you, too, our ability to involve soldiers in the operational feedback and operational perspective in the process is also kind of new and something that we've really underscored as part of the process. That starts not only from the requirements process, but how we include them in our source selection to assessing soldiers' hands-on kit and providing that feedback. OTA is just another tool that we have at our disposal. Certainly, if we need to do a little bit more maturation of prototypes prior to finalizing requirements, the OTA does offer an opportunity to more quickly pursue those prototypes in advance of transitioning into a more traditional FAR-type approach. I think there's a lot of flexibility and we're starting to do our critical thinking to decide how we approach each acquisition, because each acquisition and capability is unique. I'll tell you the other thing that we're really doing too is—where appropriate—exercising a DevOps or DevSecOps type of approach, and really that's where you bring material developer, combat developer, user, interoperability certifier, tester, and even to the extent the accrediter for those approaches, and they're all collectively together so you do things in parallel and you can dramatically speed up the process. Those are a number of things that we are really using at our disposal to move both more rapidly but also more efficiently and effectively. C4ISRNET: How do you incorporate smaller, nontraditional vendors that can bring in solutions? How do you bring more people into the fold, especially in tech hubs like Silicon Valley? COLLINS: We've got a lot of footprints in a lot of these technical hubs ... I would tell you that we've also done a tremendous amount of industry outreach even within the portfolio. I think in my tenure, in about a year I've probably done close to almost 200 industry engagements, and that spans from small, medium and large. And we're continuously trying to encourage and build relationships beyond just the traditionals. It is probably one of the advantages of the OTA that we've got, to be able to attract non-traditionals. I think there's other opportunities that we've got within Small Business Innovative Research-type initiatives that we've pursued, and then also CRADAs, the Cooperative Research and Development (Agreements). So we kind of span the gamut of that and I'll tell you we've got a pretty healthy teaming relationship between us and the [cross functional teams] to be able to get out there and attract that type of non-traditionals that really have a lot of the innovative and forward thinking ideas that we want to bring into our Army. C4ISRNET: We know a lot of the programs at places like PEO IEW&S take years to develop, with multiple PEOs overseeing and influencing different platforms. As you finish out your tenure, what are the milestones, programs you're proud of? COLLINS: First and foremost, I'll depart extremely proud of the people and the mission that the PEO IEW&S portfolio has accomplished and continues to accomplish. I'll tell you one of the unique things about our portfolio is about 50 percent of our programs support overseas operations, and so we do a significant amount of investment of things that are going on abroad. Much of our Army is deployed and so for that I'm extremely proud. I'll tell you the other thing — I think we have established a healthy culture that is ready, that is resilient and adaptive to change. And I think that has certainly been one thing that I'll be proud of, that I think will be a lasting legacy within the organization. We kind of walked in focused on a couple basic attributes. First and foremost, people and leadership was one. Two, exercising acquisition discipline. Three, integrating our kits so it can collectively operate and inform on the battlefield. And then four, really working with our partners and stakeholders. I think in each one of those areas we've made tremendous progress and really established a lot of momentum. Some of the major programmatics moving forward ... the Terrestrial Layer System, I think we've made some good progress there. Missile Defense and Space Systems set the conditions for our future aerial deep sense capability and really tightened kind of the major deep collect and nesting in with a lot of collecting in space and with our national mission partners. And then all of that data coming down to the foundational component are probably some of the big areas where we've established a lot of positive, irreversible momentum that will allow us to move forward on our Army modernization front. C4ISRNET: And as you move over to PEO C3T, what are you excited to tackle there and what lessons will you bring with you from PEO IEW&S? COLLINS: Well, I must admit that I am a signal officer and so I am excited to return to my roots as a network professional. And so I do find very much the network (to be) an exciting endeavor, and so I'm looking forward to getting back and contributing with the team. And I think what I would certainly take with me is that ... I have a better appreciation of the types of information, the types of data, the types of intelligence ... that need to traverse our networks, the type of demands that it puts on the network, the types of speed of service and quality of service and performance that are required to support those users of the network. So I think that's one of the key things that I'll take with me as I get ready to move over and be part of the C3T team, which I'm very excited (about). I've been very thankful for the experience here at the IEW&S team— a phenomenal group of professionals — and I'm excited to continue my Army mission. https://www.c4isrnet.com/battlefield-tech/it-networks/2020/06/09/what-the-armys-titan-program-means-to-multidomain-operations/

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  31 janvier 2024 | International, Aérospatial

  Space Force to start charging more spaceport fees this summer

  The move follows a provision in the National Defense Authorization Act that lifts some restrictions on what range fees the Space Force can collect.