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December 7, 2018 | International, Naval

Les frégates de la classe Nansen souffrent d’un défaut sérieux de conception. Le chantier Navantia mis en cause

(B2) Un premier rapport du bureau enquêtes accidents norvégien (AIBN) l'affirme sans ambages. La collision entre une frégate de la marine norvégienne KNM Helge Ingstad et un tanker maltais (Sola TS) dans la baie de Hjeltefjorden en Norvège le 8 novembre, révèle un problème grave de conception sur certains navires fabriqués par les chantiers navals espagnols Navantia. Une alerte sécurité vient d'être envoyée

Un naufrage à proximité des côtes

Rappelons-nous, c'était juste après l'exercice de l'OTAN Trident Juncture, la frégate norvégienne (qui porte le numéro de coque F-313), effectuait des manœuvres à proximité des côtes, près du terminal pétrolier de ce fjord norvégien situé non loin de Bergen, quand il heurte le pétrolier qui naviguait en sens inverse. La collision ne provoque que peu de dég'ts dans le pétrolier, mais pour le navire militaire les conséquences sont autrement plus graves.

Une enquête des bureaux d'accidents civil et militaire norvégiens

La frégate norvégienne, qui fait alors partie de la force navale permanente de l'OTAN (SNMG1), est atteinte « au-dessus et au-dessous de la ligne de flottaison » et « absorbe énormément d'eau » comme le signale le ministère norvégien de la Défense. Il n'est plus stable et doit être échoué. Ses 137 marins doivent être évacués. Une enquête est alors diligentée associant le bureau d'enquête accidents maritime norvégien (AIBN) et son pendant militaire (DAIBN), auquel est associé l'unité d'enquête maritime maltaise (MSIU), autorité du pavillon du pétrolier.

Les compartiments non étanches

Trois compartiments étanches à bord du KNM Helge Ingstad sont inondés : « la salle du groupe électrogène arrière, les quartiers de l'équipage du pont Orlop et le magasin » selon le rapport de l'AIBN. La stabilité est jugée « médiocre », mais le navire est encore considéré comme 'sauvable'. Cette première évaluation ne résiste pas. L'eau gagne du terrain. Elle « coule de la salle des génératrices arrière vers la salle des engrenages via les arbres creux de l'hélice, puis de la salle des engrenages, vers les salles des machines avant et arrière via les boîtes de rangement dans les cloisons ». Quand la salle d'engrenage est inondée, l'évacuation des 137 marins est décidée. Le navire est considéré comme « perdu ». Huit marins sont légèrement blessés dans les différentes manœuvres.

Le navire échoué coule à pic

Les autorités espèrent encore pouvoir récupérer le navire, qui flotte toujours, en le fixant avec des c'bles. Mais dans la nuit du 12 au 13 novembre, ils s'arrachent et le navire coule à pic. Le navire est désormais considéré comme irrécupérable, même si les travaux sont toujours en cours pour être renfloué, comme le précise le ministère norvégien de la Défense. Perte sèche : 4,2 milliards de couronnes (environ 220 millions d'euros).

Une enquête nécessaire chez Navantia

L'autorité norvégienne préconise une vérification des navires norvégiens de même conception. Oslo dispose encore de quatre navires de la même classe — le KNM Fridtjof Nansen, le KNM Roald Amundsen, le KNM Otto Sverdrup et le KNM Thor Heyerdahl — construits sur les chantiers navals espagnols de Ferrol de Navantia. Elle demande ainsi à Navantia de mener « une enquête sur les problèmes identifiés lors de la première enquête et de déterminer s'il s'agit également d'un problème lié à d'autres navires ». L'industriel espagnol doit aussi envoyer une notification aux chantiers, propriétaires et exploitants concernés, pour leur indiquer « les mesures à prendre pour assurer la sécurité ».

(Nicolas Gros-Verheyde)

https://club.bruxelles2.eu/2018/12/un-defaut-de-conception-dans-les-fregates-de-type-nansen-le-chantier-navantia-mis-en-cause/

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  • US Air Force chief of staff: Our military must harness the potential of multidomain operations

    December 14, 2018 | International, Aerospace

    US Air Force chief of staff: Our military must harness the potential of multidomain operations

    By: Gen. David Goldfein Faced with the seemingly impossible task of solving the puzzle of the German military coding machine commonly known as “Enigma” during World War II, British mathematician Alan Turing and his team used a new kind of technology. They built a computing machine that foreshadowed the age of software and algorithms, breaking a code that the Germans changed every 24 hours. Turing's legacy is profound, in war and peace. Today, anyone who has spent time on the internet or social media can't help but have noticed the speed by which algorithms help companies direct targeted advertisements to us — in seconds and minutes — based on their ability to track online interests and behaviors. It is no overstatement to say that the same kind of intuitive speed in understanding and directing information is what our military needs in order to win future wars. This new kind of warfare will require us to defend against and attack foes on land and sea as well as in the air, space and cyberspace. In military parlance, the term for this is “multidomain operations,” an ungainly phrase that has nonetheless become a major focus for each of the military services, including my own, the U.S. Air Force. The term is in vogue now for good reason: Whoever figures out how to quickly gather information in various “domains” and just as quickly direct military actions will have the decisive advantage in battle. Figuring out how to master multidomain warfare will be difficult, but do it we must. History has many lessons here. One analogy I like dates to the American Revolution. As British military forces were preparing to attack Lexington and Concord, patriots devised a simple system to alert Colonial troops. They hung lanterns in the Old North Church in Boston — one if by land, and two if by sea. But how many lanterns would the patriots have hung if the British decided to conduct multidomain operations and attack from both the land and the sea? This would have created a dilemma because they would have to choose to either divide their force and defend both approaches or choose one to defend. However, the patriots had no need to worry about this because the British did not have the ability to control a split force using both land and sea approaches. Without a suitable command-and-control system, a military force cannot effectively take advantage of multidomain operations. Fast forward to today. Having the ability to credibly attack enemies independently by land, sea, air, space or cyberspace — or all at once — creates untenable dilemmas. I'd like our adversaries to always be in the lantern-buying business. Developing the systems, training and methods by which to practice this new brand of warfare will require extraordinary focus from our military. We will have to master and apply quantum computing, artificial intelligence, hypersonic flight, and new concepts for command-and-control that will need to span the globe. In order to build this capability, we will have to develop a new ethos that allows for experimental failure, just as the private sector has done in order to bring us smartphones, robotics and many other cutting-edge technologies that define the speed and precision of modern life. America's new National Defense Strategy correctly focuses the bulk of our nation's efforts on what is called great power conflict, the potential for war with formidable foes like Russian and China. We have known for some time that both are building militaries that harness AI, quantum computers, hypersonic flight and the ubiquitous threat from cyberattacks. To build a military capable of defending and deterring against such threats, it is imperative that the United States learn to fight and defend from beneath the ocean to the outer reaches of space, and everywhere in between. Last month the Air Force kicked off the inaugural Doolittle Wargame, named for the World War II hero Jimmy Doolittle, who led the daring air raid on Tokyo in 1942 that helped turn the tide of war in the Pacific. That mission personified multidomain warfare in that it was launched from an aircraft carrier hauling heavy bombers, something the Japanese were not expecting and were not prepared for. The Doolittle Wargame is the start of our efforts to learn how to harness the potential for extremely fast, unpredictable warfare from the heights of air and space to the expanses of cyberspace. If we can pull this off, it may redefine conventional deterrence in the 21st century. Gen. David Goldfein is the chief of staff for the U.S. Air Force. https://www.defensenews.com/outlook/2018/12/10/us-air-force-chief-of-staff-our-military-must-harness-the-potential-of-multidomain-operations/

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