21 janvier 2019 | International, Aérospatial

Le futur Rafale sera ultra-connecté pour chasser en réseau

Louis Neveu

En attendant l'arrivée d'un nouvel avion de combat européen à l'horizon 2040, le Rafale va bénéficier d'une importante mise à jour du standard dit F4. Il va renforcer sa connectivité pour évoluer en réseau et s'enrichir de capteurs et d'intelligence artificielle. Explications.

Disponible dans l'armée française depuis près de 18 ans, le Rafale est aujourd'hui considéré comme l'un des meilleurs avions de combat au monde. Il est souvent en lice avec le F-35 américain de dernière génération qui bénéficie pourtant d'un puissant soutien de nombreux pays et des membres de l'Otan. Pour se hisser à ce niveau, l'avion de chasse made in France bénéficie depuis ses débuts de mises à jour importantes reposant sur des standards (F1, F2, F3...). Le standard actuel est opérationnel depuis 2018 et s'appelle F3R. Avec lui l'avion s'est bardé de capteurs, de nouveaux missiles d'équipements laser et des améliorations logicielles.

Le 14 janvier 2019, Florence Parly, la ministre des Armées a remis à Dassault le contrat de développement du nouveau standard F4 du Rafale sur son site d'assemblage à Mérignac. Il en coûtera 2 milliards d'euros pour voir voler le premier démonstrateur mis à jour dès 2025. Il ne faut pas s'attendre à une révolution esthétique de l'avion de chasse. Et pourtant, cette mise à jour est une véritable révolution ! C'est sous la carlingue et dans les datacenters de l'armée que l'innovation va débarquer. Ce standard F4 va faire basculer le Rafale dans l'ère du big-data et de l'hyperconnexion. Sa connectivité va, en effet, être renforcée pour qu'il puisse communiquer et échanger de nombreuses quantités de données en réseau avec tous les véhicules alliés et même les autres forces déployées au sol ou en mer sur le champ de bataille. C'est ce que les militaires appellent le combat collaboratif. Dans tous les cas, la communication doit être fiable, rapide, sécurisée et ce, quelle que soit la distance. Pour cela, il sera équipé d'un nouveau système de radio chiffré renforcé par des nouvelles liaisons satellitaires.

Un saut technologique, un saut stratégique

Le Rafale va également se barder de nouveaux capteurs ou les optimiser, pour détecter les menaces. Ainsi, son radar à balayage électronique sera amélioré, son système de protection avec son brouilleur dernier cri sera renforcé (Spectra). Côté armement, il pourra emporter de nouvelles générations de missiles et une nacelle de visée laser. L'intelligence artificielle va aussi s'inviter à bord. Elle servira de mécano d'appoint pour prédire les opérations de maintenance à venir, ainsi que réaliser des pronostics de pannes et les diagnostiquer. Il faut dire qu'un avion de chasse comme le Rafale doit bénéficier d'importants travaux de maintenance qui viennent le clouer au sol. L'idée est de réduire ce temps de diagnostic et de maintenance.

Ce standard F4 devrait arriver progressivement de 2023 à 2025 au fil des innovations technologiques. Cette importante mise à jour du Rafale va être un premier pas pour dessiner concrètement ce que sera l'avion européen du futur baptisé Scaf (système de combat aérien du futur). Cet avion sera mis au point à l'horizon 2040 par Dassault et Airbus afin de remplacer le Rafale actuel et l'Eurofighter.

CE QU'IL FAUT RETENIR

  • Le Rafale va renforcer sa connectivité et se doter d'intelligence artificielle dans une mise à jour baptisée F4.
  • Les premiers démonstrateurs sortiront en 2025.
  • Ces standards se retrouveront dans l'avion de chasse européen du futur à l'horizon 2040.

https://www.futura-sciences.com/sciences/actualites/avion-futur-rafale-sera-ultra-connecte-chasser-reseau-74660/

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