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January 21, 2019 | International, Aerospace

Le futur Rafale sera ultra-connecté pour chasser en réseau

Louis Neveu

En attendant l'arrivée d'un nouvel avion de combat européen à l'horizon 2040, le Rafale va bénéficier d'une importante mise à jour du standard dit F4. Il va renforcer sa connectivité pour évoluer en réseau et s'enrichir de capteurs et d'intelligence artificielle. Explications.

Disponible dans l'armée française depuis près de 18 ans, le Rafale est aujourd'hui considéré comme l'un des meilleurs avions de combat au monde. Il est souvent en lice avec le F-35 américain de dernière génération qui bénéficie pourtant d'un puissant soutien de nombreux pays et des membres de l'Otan. Pour se hisser à ce niveau, l'avion de chasse made in France bénéficie depuis ses débuts de mises à jour importantes reposant sur des standards (F1, F2, F3...). Le standard actuel est opérationnel depuis 2018 et s'appelle F3R. Avec lui l'avion s'est bardé de capteurs, de nouveaux missiles d'équipements laser et des améliorations logicielles.

Le 14 janvier 2019, Florence Parly, la ministre des Armées a remis à Dassault le contrat de développement du nouveau standard F4 du Rafale sur son site d'assemblage à Mérignac. Il en coûtera 2 milliards d'euros pour voir voler le premier démonstrateur mis à jour dès 2025. Il ne faut pas s'attendre à une révolution esthétique de l'avion de chasse. Et pourtant, cette mise à jour est une véritable révolution ! C'est sous la carlingue et dans les datacenters de l'armée que l'innovation va débarquer. Ce standard F4 va faire basculer le Rafale dans l'ère du big-data et de l'hyperconnexion. Sa connectivité va, en effet, être renforcée pour qu'il puisse communiquer et échanger de nombreuses quantités de données en réseau avec tous les véhicules alliés et même les autres forces déployées au sol ou en mer sur le champ de bataille. C'est ce que les militaires appellent le combat collaboratif. Dans tous les cas, la communication doit être fiable, rapide, sécurisée et ce, quelle que soit la distance. Pour cela, il sera équipé d'un nouveau système de radio chiffré renforcé par des nouvelles liaisons satellitaires.

Un saut technologique, un saut stratégique

Le Rafale va également se barder de nouveaux capteurs ou les optimiser, pour détecter les menaces. Ainsi, son radar à balayage électronique sera amélioré, son système de protection avec son brouilleur dernier cri sera renforcé (Spectra). Côté armement, il pourra emporter de nouvelles générations de missiles et une nacelle de visée laser. L'intelligence artificielle va aussi s'inviter à bord. Elle servira de mécano d'appoint pour prédire les opérations de maintenance à venir, ainsi que réaliser des pronostics de pannes et les diagnostiquer. Il faut dire qu'un avion de chasse comme le Rafale doit bénéficier d'importants travaux de maintenance qui viennent le clouer au sol. L'idée est de réduire ce temps de diagnostic et de maintenance.

Ce standard F4 devrait arriver progressivement de 2023 à 2025 au fil des innovations technologiques. Cette importante mise à jour du Rafale va être un premier pas pour dessiner concrètement ce que sera l'avion européen du futur baptisé Scaf (système de combat aérien du futur). Cet avion sera mis au point à l'horizon 2040 par Dassault et Airbus afin de remplacer le Rafale actuel et l'Eurofighter.

CE QU'IL FAUT RETENIR

  • Le Rafale va renforcer sa connectivité et se doter d'intelligence artificielle dans une mise à jour baptisée F4.
  • Les premiers démonstrateurs sortiront en 2025.
  • Ces standards se retrouveront dans l'avion de chasse européen du futur à l'horizon 2040.

https://www.futura-sciences.com/sciences/actualites/avion-futur-rafale-sera-ultra-connecte-chasser-reseau-74660/

On the same subject

  • Marines look for IBM Watson-like artificial intelligence to plan large-scale wargames

    December 19, 2018 | International, C4ISR

    Marines look for IBM Watson-like artificial intelligence to plan large-scale wargames

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  • Boeing Secures Contract for Six MH-47G Block II Chinook Helicopters

    December 11, 2023 | International, Aerospace

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  • Air Force looks for help on new, hard-to-jam, satellite waveform

    October 18, 2018 | International, Aerospace, C4ISR

    Air Force looks for help on new, hard-to-jam, satellite waveform

    By: Adam Stone In the face of a rising near-peer threat to electronic communications, the Air Force is pressing forward with efforts to develop a new, more resilient, harder-to-jam waveform that soldiers could use on the battlefield. The service expects to receive responses from industry soon on a recent request for information around protected satellite communications. The request sought industry guidance on how best to implement a new, more resilient protected tactical waveform (PTW), which enables anti-jamming capabilities within protected tactical SATCOM. “The Air Force is looking to protect our warfighter's satellite communications against adversarial electronic jamming,” the Air Force's Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC) said in a written statement to C4ISRNet. The threat comes from “adversarial electronic jammers that are intended to disrupt and interfere with U.S. satellite communications,” leaders at SMC said. Protected tactical SATCOM is envisioned to provide worldwide, anti-jam communications to tactical warfighters in benign and contested environments. The quest to solidify satellite communication links has taken on increasing urgency in recent years. As satellite communications has emerged as an integral component in the military's command and control infrastructure, potential adversaries have stepped up their ability to disrupt such links. “Tactical satellite communications are vital to worldwide military operations,” the agency noted. “Our adversaries know this and desire to disrupt U.S. satellite communications. The Air Force is fielding Protected Tactical SATCOM capabilities to ... ensure warfighters around the globe have access to secure and reliable communications.” Industry is expected to play a key role in the development and deployment of any new waveform. Officials at SMC said that early prototyping efforts will be conducted through the Space Enterprise Consortium (SpEC), which is managed by Advanced Technology International. SpEC acts as a vehicle to facilitate federally-funded space-related prototype projects with an eye toward increasing flexibility, decreasing cost and shortening the development lifecycle. The organization claims 16 prototype awards to date, with some $26 million in funding awarded. Understanding the protected tactical waveform Government documents describe PTW as the centerpiece of the broader protected tactical SATCOM effort, noting that it provides “cost-effective, protected communications over both military and commercial satellites in multiple frequency bands as well as broader protection, more resiliency, more throughput and more efficient utilization of satellite bandwidth.” A flight test last year at Hansom Air Force Base suggested the emerging tool may soon be ready to deliver on such promises. While SMC leads the PTW effort, Hanscom is working in collaboration with MIT Lincoln Laboratory and the MITRE Corp. to conduct ground and airborne terminal work. Researchers from MIT's Lincoln Laboratory flew a Boeing 707 test aircraft for two and a half hours in order to use the waveform in flight. With a commercial satellite, officials gathered data on the PTW's ability to operate under realistic flight conditions. “We know this capability is something that would help our warfighters tremendously, as it will not only provide anti-jam communications, but also a low probability of detection and intercept,” Bill Lyons, Advanced Development program manager and PTW lead at Hanscom, said in an Air Force news release. The test scenario called for the waveform to perform in an aircraft-mounted terminal. Evaluators were looking to see whether its systems and algorithms would function as expected in a highly mobile environment. “Everything worked and we got the objectives accomplished successfully,” Ken Hetling, Advanced Satcom Systems and Operations associate group leader at Lincoln Laboratory, said in an Air Force press release. “The waveform worked.” Asking for industry input should help the service to chart its next steps in the development of more protections. While the request does not specify when or how the Air Force intends to move forward, it is clearly a matter not of whetherthe military will go down this road, but rather when and how. https://www.c4isrnet.com/c2-comms/satellites/2018/10/05/air-force-looks-for-help-on-new-hard-to-jam-satellite-waveform/

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