10 décembre 2019 | International, Aérospatial

L'achat d'un nouvel avion de combat, un choix militaire et diplomatique

Le Rafale, l'Eurofighter, le F-35A ou le F/A-18 Super Hornet: quel nouvel avion de combat la Suisse choisira-t-elle? La décision sera politique. Mais ce choix n'est pas qu'une question de technologie. L'enjeu est aussi diplomatique.

Les 26 vieux Tiger et les 30 F/A-18 de l'armée suisse arriveront à la fin de leur durée d'utilisation au plus tard vers 2030. Après le retrait du suédois Saab, constructeur du Gripen, il ne reste plus que quatre constructeurs en lice pour les remplacer: le français Dassault (Rafale), l'européen Airbus (Eurofighter) et les américains Boeing (F/A-18 Super Hornet) et Lockheed-Martin (F-35A).

Les quatre jets ont été évalués entre avril et juin sur la base aérienne de Payerne (VD). Objectif: tester leurs capacités en conditions réelles. Au terme de l'appel d'offres, le Département fédéral de la défense effectuera une recommandation fondée sur l'efficacité opérationnelle, mais aussi sur d'autres critères comme les coûts d'achat et d'exploitation. La décision finale reviendra au Conseil fédéral.

Quel avion pour quel partenaire?

La compétition entre les quatre candidats se jouera sur les capacités de l'appareil mais aussi sur les contreparties industrielles - les affaires compensatoires - exigées par la Suisse. Moins visible, il existe aussi un autre enjeu, plus diplomatique. Pour le comprendre, la RTS s'est rendue dans la capitale française. Le ministère français des Armées, qui chapeaute l'offre pour le Rafale, lui a exceptionnellement ouvert ses portes.

La France, cinquième puissance militaire mondiale, n'exporte pas ses armes comme elle exporte ses voitures, explique Thierry Carlier, chargé du dossier côté français. "Qu'un pays ami acquiert un système qui est le même que celui de la France permet de développer des partenariats très importants. C'est pour ça que notre offre dépasse largement la question du Rafale", affirme-t-il.

Pour le directeur du développement international de la Direction générale de l'armement (DGA), cette notion de partenariat est importante. Acheter un avion français permettrait de créer des opportunités au niveau technologique, avec des échanges, mais également sur un plan plus opérationnel: réalisation d'exercices communs, utilisation par la Suisse de terrains d'entraînement français, développement des missions de police du ciel existantes, partage d'expériences, etc.

"Europe de la défense"

La France n'est pas la seule à vouloir séduire la Suisse avec un partenariat. C'est aussi le cas de l'Allemagne, qui vend l'Eurofighter, fabriqué par Airbus. Acheter cet avion, c'est s'allier davantage à l'Allemagne, comme le relevait ce printemps le lieutenant-colonel de l'armée de l'air allemande Ingo Stüer lors de la présentation de l'Eurofighter à Payerne.

"Je pense que les défis pour les armées de l'air en Europe sont tous les mêmes, affirmait-il. Pour l'armée de l'air allemande, c'est important d'être interopérable avec nos alliés, afin d'être capable d'agir ensemble s'il le faut. C'est pourquoi nous cherchons une coopération très étroite avec l'armée de l'air suisse."

La France et l'Allemagne, avec leurs offres, proposent aussi à la Suisse "l'Europe de la défense", une certaine vision d'une Europe géographique souveraine défendue par Emmanuel Macron. "Je pense qu'il y a une cohérence des Européens à s'équiper en européen. Je défends beaucoup cette idée", expliquait en juin dernier le président français à la RTS.

L'argument économique

Si cette "Europe de la défense" n'intéresse pas la Suisse, il reste les deux chasseurs américains. Lors des essais du F/A-18 Super Hornet et du F-35A à Payerne, l'ambassadeur des Etats-Unis en Suisse Edward McMullen adoptait d'ailleurs des arguments différents de ses concurrents européens. Un style diplomatique davantage porté sur les enjeux économiques. "Lorsqu'on parle de développement économique et d'opportunités de marchés, il s'agit d'un partenariat. Nous sommes conscients que la Suisse est neutre et il n'y a aucune alliance avec elle", explique-t-il.

Un vote sur le principe, pas sur l'avion

L'Europe ou les Etats-Unis? Pour quel partenariat? Le Conseil fédéral se réserve ce choix. Sur ce point, le peuple n'aura pas son mot à dire. Il ne votera que sur l'enveloppe de six milliards de francs destinée à l'acquisition des nouveaux avions de combat sans connaître le nom de son futur partenaire. La votation devrait intervenir à l'automne 2020.

https://www.rts.ch/info/suisse/10922471-l-achat-d-un-nouvel-avion-de-combat-un-choix-militaire-et-diplomatique.html

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  • Contract Awards by US Department of Defense - January 13, 2021

    14 janvier 2021 | International, Aérospatial, Naval, Terrestre, C4ISR, Sécurité

    Contract Awards by US Department of Defense - January 13, 2021

    ARMY Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, was awarded a $2,625,000,000 firm-fixed-price contract for 1.25 million courses of a monoclonal antibody therapeutic (a combination of casirivimab and imdevimab) for COVID-19. Bids were solicited via the internet with one received. Work will be performed in Tarrytown, New York, with an estimated completion date of Jan. 11, 2022. Fiscal 2022 research, development, test and evaluation (Army) funds in the amount of $2,625,000,000 were obligated at the time of the award. U.S. Army Contracting Command, Newark, New Jersey, is the contracting activity (W15QKN-21-C-0014). (Awarded Jan. 12, 2021) International Business Machines Corp., Bethesda, Maryland, was awarded a $17,758,596 modification (P00094) to contract W52P1J-17-C-0008 for services and solutions to support and maintain the General Fund Enterprise Business System Financial System Army-wide. Work will be performed in Bethesda, Maryland, with an estimated completion date of Jan. 15, 2022. Fiscal 2021 operation and maintenance (Army) funds; and 2020 and 2021 research, development, test and evaluation (Army) funds in the amount of $17,758,596 were obligated at the time of the award. U.S. Army Contracting Command, Rock Island Arsenal, Illinois, is the contracting activity. NAVY Data Link Solutions LLC, Cedar Rapids, Iowa (N00039-21-A-1001); and DRS Laurel Technologies Partnership, Johnstown, Pennsylvania (N00039-21-A-1002), are each awarded $150,000,000 firm-fixed-price blanket purchase agreements (BPAs) for electronic equipment cabinets. These BPAs cover the production of up to 150 units per contractor along with the associated program management, testing and logistics support to deliver the units. Units will be manufactured in Cedar Rapids, Iowa; and Johnstown, Pennsylvania, with an expected completion date of January 2023. The total potential value of these BPAs is $150,000,000 per vendor. The total length of the ordering period is 24 months. Fiscal 2021 other procurement (Navy) funds will be obligated on a delivery order level issued under the BPA at the time of placement of individual delivery calls. These BPAs were negotiated using the procedures defined under Federal Acquisition Regulation 13.5 for individual orders less than $15,000,000. The Naval Information Warfare Systems Command, San Diego, California, is the contracting activity. General Electric Aviation, Lynn, Massachusetts, is awarded a $101,470,782 firm-fixed-price, cost-plus-fixed-fee modification (P00015) to previously awarded contract N00019-18-C-1007. This modification procures 21 T408-GE-400 turboshaft engines and associated engine, programmatic and logistics services in support of CH-53K Lot Five low rate initial production aircraft. Work will be performed in Lynn, Massachusetts, and is expected to be completed in December 2024. Fiscal 2021 aircraft procurement (Navy) funds in the amount $101,470,782 will be obligated at time of award, none of which will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. The Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Maryland, is the contracting activity. MN-BMCD SE JV, Tampa, Florida, is awarded a maximum-value $60,000,000 firm-fixed-price, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity, architect-engineering contract for professional architectural and engineering services in support of waterfront projects in the Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command (NAVFAC) Southeast area of responsibility (AOR). The work to be performed provides for preparation of professional architectural and engineering services for preparation of design-bid-build documents and design-build requests for proposals for various project types in support of waterfront and marine facilities at Department of Defense (DOD) and non-DOD activities in the NAVFAC Southeast AOR. Future task orders will be primarily funded by operation and maintenance (Navy) and military construction (Navy) funds. Work will be performed at various Navy and Marine Corps installations in the NAVFAC Southeast AOR including, but not limited to Florida (30%); Georgia (30%); Andros Island, Bahamas (10%); Guantanamo Bay, Cuba (10%); South Carolina (5%); Louisiana (5%); Mississippi (5%); and Texas (5%), and is expected to be completed by February 2026. An initial task order to conduct a site engineering investigation and concept design workshop for P-021 lighterage wharf and lift-launch pier at Marine Corps Support Facility Blount Island, Florida, is included with the award and is expected to be completed by April 2021. Fiscal 2021 military construction (Navy) funds in the amount of $202,780 will be obligated at time of award and will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was competitively procured via the Navy Electronic Commerce Online website, with two proposals received. The Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command, Southeast, Jacksonville, Florida, is the contracting activity (N69450-21-D-0002). Chatmon-VJR JV LLC,* La Place, Louisiana, is awarded a maximum-value $49,000,000 indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract for roofing projects at various military installations in the metropolitan San Diego, California, area, including Naval Base Coronado, Naval Base Point Loma, Naval Base San Diego, and Marine Corps Air Station Miramar. No task orders are being issued at this time. The work to be performed is for repair, removal and replacement of roofing systems at various military installations in the metro San Diego area. 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The environmental testing systems support the development, design, environmental qualification, airworthiness, product improvement and failure investigations of Department of Defense weapon and target systems. The scope of this requirement is to design, manufacture, test and install the environmental testing systems. Support services include lead system integration, building and laboratory design specifications support, project management, equipment installation and training. Work will be performed in Burlington, Washington (50%); and China Lake, California (50%), and is expected to be completed in January 2024. Fiscal 2020 other procurement (Navy) funds in the amount of $26,417,062 will be obligated at time of award, none of which will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract was not competitively procured pursuant to Federal Acquisition Regulation 6.302-1. The Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Point Mugu, California, is the contracting activity (N68936-21-C-0032). DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY Puerto Rico Apparel Manufacturing Corp.,** Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, has been awarded a maximum $12,775,524 modification (P00026) exercising the second one-year option period of one-year base contract SPE1C1-19-D-1127 with four one-year option periods for various types of coats and trousers. This is a firm-fixed-price, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract. Location of performance is Puerto Rico, with a Jan. 15, 2022, ordering period end date. Using military services are Army and Air Force. Type of appropriation is fiscal 2021 through 2022 defense working capital funds. The contracting activity is the Defense Logistics Agency Troop Support, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. San Antonio Light House for the Blind,*** San Antonio, Texas, has been awarded a maximum $8,295,000 firm-fixed price, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract for trousers. This is a one-year base contract with two one-year option periods. Location of performance is Texas, with a Jan. 13, 2022, ordering period end date. Using military services are Army and Air Force. Type of appropriation is fiscal 2021 through 2022 defense working capital funds. The contracting activity is the Defense Logistics Agency Troop Support, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SPE1C1-21-D-B101). *Small business **Economically disadvantaged woman-owned small business in historically underutilized business zones ***Mandatory source https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2471330/source/GovDelivery/

  • Ukraine industry chief sees bumper year for land-based drones

    9 juillet 2024 | International, Terrestre

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  • A hazy future: Amid a competition to build British frigates, a UK shipyard hits hard times

    7 août 2019 | International, Naval

    A hazy future: Amid a competition to build British frigates, a UK shipyard hits hard times

    By: Andrew Chuter LONDON — The Northern Irish shipyard that built the Titanic ceased business Aug. 5, and its part in a bid to build a new class of the general-purpose frigate for the British Royal Navy appears to have sunk with it. Harland and Wolff was the lead U.K. yard in a proposal by German-based warship company Atlas Elektronik to build five Type 31e frigates for the Royal Navy. But the Belfast shipyard of Harland and Wolff went into administration after a 158-year history, which included production of the Titanic and ended with its parent company insolvent and running out of offshore renewable-energy work that had become the mainstay of its business. Industry executives, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said that unless Atlas has a plan B, the bid has likely been scuttled by the Belfast yard slipping into administration and thus putting the jobs of 125 on-site workers at risk. Atlas Elektronik UK did not return calls regarding its bid. British warships must be locally built, but designs can be foreign. Atlas Elektronik UK is offering parent company ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems' Meko A200 frigate to Britain. Currently, Atlas Elektronik and its U.K. partners Harland and Wolff and Ferguson Marine Engineering of Scotland are vying for the deal against rival proposals led by BAE Systemsand Babcock International. An announcement by the Ministry of Defence on a winning bidder for the program worth more than £1.25 billion (U.S. $1.52 billion) could come next month. The procurement competition was aimed at breaking the local maritime monopoly of BAE Systems. Sharing work across the shipbuilding sector via the Type 31e was part of a national shipbuilding strategy published by the British government in 2017. A strategy review was completed this year by its author, John Parker, but the findings have not been published by the MoD. New Defence Procurement Minister Anne-Marie Trevelyn, the fourth such minister in three years, will likely give Parker's findings a close review. Trevelyn has no previous ministerial experience, but she is known in maritime circles for her membership of Parliament's all-party group on shipbuilding and ship repair, which recently published a report advocating for the domestic production of a new fleet of logistics support ships. However, it's unclear how long the government, and hence the new ministerial team at the MoD, will survive given the political uncertainty here around Britain's exit from the European Union and murmurings of a general election. Buy British? The logistic vessels, known here as fleet solid support ships, are not considered military vessels by the British government; this is so the government can procure them more cheaply overseas. A competition is underway with a U.K. team led by BAE Systems bidding against overseas rivals. But the tide may be turning, as there's parliamentary pressure that two or three large supply ships be built locally. The industry executives who spoke to Defense News said that although the upcoming DSEI defense show had been touted as a possible venue for some kind of an announcement, the timing was — like most other defense issues — clouded by political uncertainties, including the appointment of a new defense secretary and defense procurement minister as part of the government reshuffle by the new prime minister, Boris Johnson. An MoD spokesman said the department wouldn't provide a running commentary on the Type 31e competition or Harland and Wolff's part in it. However, the spokesman did suggest an announcement could take place after DSEI. “It would be inappropriate to comment on Harland and Wolff's involvement in the Type 31e program, whilst this is subject to an ongoing competition," the spokesman said. “The competitive design phase is proceeding to schedule. The outcome of the competition for the design and build of the ships will be announced by December 2019.” All three bidders have been in a competitive design phase ahead of submitting their proposals in late June. The MoD previously ran a competition for the Type 31e (the "e" stands for export), but it halted the procurement effort when all of the bidders failed to submit fully compliant bids. The Royal Navy wants the first of the five Type 31e frigates handed over during 2023 to start replace aging Type 23 frigates in its fleet. Some analysts and industry executives think that's a tall order. The government originally demanded a price tag of no more than £250 million per frigate, although earlier this year, industry executives said the budget restriction had been abandoned, as the MoD agreed to supply more equipment and systems at its own expense. Atlas Elektronik isn't the only company with Harland and Wolff on its team. Babcock International also listed the Northern Irish yard in its proposal. But Babcock has various options, including using its site at Rosyth in Scotland, where the second of two aircraft carriers being assembled for the Royal Navy is now virtually complete. “Our solution for the T31(e) requirement includes a flexible U.K. build approach that can accommodate the use of a range of delivery sites,” a Babcock spokesman said. BAE's plan is to build it's Leander-class warships at the Cammell Laird yard near Liverpool while its own yards on the River Clyde in Scotland focus on completing the design and build of eight Type 26 anti-submarine warfare frigates destined for the Royal Navy. Three have been ordered so far. Steve Turner, the assistant general secretary for manufacturing at the Unite union, said there are strategic defense interests why the Belfast yard should be saved. “The shipyard works with BAE on the Dreadnought [nuclear] submarine program, has an important part to play in the building of the Royal Navy's new Type 31e and is central to the U.K. consortium's bid to build the Navy's fleet solid support ships,” Turner noted. “All this proud workforce needs is a temporary boost from government and a commitment from U.K. ministers that they will back U.K. shipbuilding by block building the new fleet solid support ships in yards across the UK." Harland and Wolff is not the only potential Type 31e supplier in a tough spot. Ferguson Marine, which has a yard on the River Clyde and has been part of the Atlas and Babcock proposals, is experiencing significant cost and time overruns building two ferries. Nationalization by the Scottish government is one option under consideration for the financially fragile company. https://www.defensenews.com/naval/2019/08/06/a-hazy-future-amid-a-competition-to-build-british-frigates-a-uk-shipyard-hits-hard-times/

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