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May 19, 2020 | International, Aerospace

SCAF et éthique

Airbus et l'institut Fraunhofer FKIE créent un groupe d'experts sur l'utilisation responsable des nouvelles technologies. L'humain doit pouvoir conserver en toutes circonstances le contrôle du système de combat aérien futur (SCAF) quand il sera opérationnel.

Dans le cadre du projet de système de combat aérien futur (SCAF), Airbus et l'institut allemand de communication, traitement de l'information et ergonomie Fraunhofer FKIE, basé à Bonn, ont créé un groupe d'experts sur l'utilisation responsable des nouvelles technologies en vue de définir et de proposer des « garde-fous » éthiques et juridiques internationaux pour le plus grand projet de défense européen.

Mis en place initialement en Allemagne en 2019, ce groupe d'experts est actuellement composé de représentants des ministères allemands de la Défense et des Affaires étrangères, ainsi que de diverses fondations, universités et think tanks.

« Le SCAF représente une énorme avancée à bien des égards. Il s'agit du plus grand projet de défense européen des décennies à venir et, à ce titre, il favorisera la collaboration des nations partenaires. Avec le SCAF, nous allons intensifier nos efforts pour développer les nouvelles technologies qui composeront ce système de systèmes aérien de sixième génération », a déclaré Dirk Hoke, CEO d'Airbus Defence and Space. « Ce programme offre de nouvelles perspectives dans le domaine des politiques de sécurité et contribue à renforcer le rôle de l'Europe dans le monde. Mais il soulève aussi certaines questions éthiques et juridiques sur lesquelles nous devons nous pencher. »

Le programme SCAF est un système de systèmes en réseau d'une grande complexité, avec pour élément central un avion de combat de nouvelle génération. Cette plateforme avec pilote coopérera avec des drones d'appui appelés « remote carriers », qui fourniront des capacités essentielles pour l'accomplissement des missions. Des architectures système évolutives et interopérables permettront d'intégrer au SCAF les plateformes existantes modernisées. Pour tirer le meilleur parti des capacités collaboratives des plateformes avec et sans pilote, un « Air Combat Cloud » fusionnera en temps réel de gros volumes de données, associés à l'analyse militaire et à l'intelligence artificielle. Les technologies développées dans le cadre de ce projet devraient, en outre, avoir d'importantes retombées bénéfiques pour de futures applications civiles.

Le professeur Reimund Neugebauer, Président de l'institut Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft e. V., a déclaré : « Le SCAF est sur le plan technologique le programme de défense le plus vaste et le plus ambitieux jamais réalisé en Europe. L'un des enjeux essentiels qui occupera notre groupe consiste à veiller à ce que le système réponde aux besoins des missions du XXIe siècle à l'échelle mondiale, tout en garantissant un contrôle total de l'humain sur le système, à tout moment et en toutes circonstances. C'est la première fois dans l'histoire de la République fédérale d'Allemagne, qu'un projet de défense majeur s'accompagne dès le départ d'un débat intellectuel sur la mise en œuvre des principes éthiques et juridiques de base – ‘conformité éthique et juridique dès la conception'. »

Un site web a été créé afin de garantir un maximum de transparence dans les travaux du groupe d'experts : www.fcas-forum.eu. Tous les membres participent aux travaux à titre bénévole et s'engagent uniquement en leur 'me et conscience.

https://www.aerobuzz.fr/breves-defense/scaf-et-ethique/

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