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May 2, 2022 | International, Other Defence

L’industrie d’armement allemand redore son blason mais craint un rationnement sur le gaz

DÉFENSE

L'industrie d'armement allemand redore son blason mais craint un rationnement sur le gaz

Mardi 26 avril, la ministre de la Défense, Christine Lambrecht, a surpris ses homologues de l'OTAN réunis sur la base américaine de Ramstein, en Allemagne, en acceptant d'acheminer en Ukraine des chars Guepard, un matériel fabriqué par le constructeur Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW). Par ailleurs, Olaf Scholz souhaite sanctuariser son plan de 100 Md€ sur 5 ans, en l'inscrivant dans la Loi fondamentale allemande, une proposition qui fait débat outre-Rhin. Parias de l'industrie, mal-aimées aussi bien dans la population que dans le monde politique, les entreprises d'armement allemandes, entièrement privées, sont revenues sur le devant de la scène depuis le déclenchement de la guerre en Ukraine. Dès le lendemain du discours d'Olaf Scholz, le patron du groupe KMW, Armin Papperger, avait surpris le secteur en proposant une liste d'équipements que son groupe pouvait livrer à la Bundeswehr ces prochaines années, pour un montant total de 42 Md€. Le tournant allemand en matière de Défense va-t-il permettre d'accélérer la formation d'une véritable industrie de défense européenne intégrée, dans laquelle les groupes allemands joueraient un rôle important ? Rien de moins sûr pour Christian Mölling, expert défense et sécurité à l'institut allemand de politique extérieure (DGAP) : « Le gros problème, c'est que l'Allemagne n'a pas encore effectué le basculement mental nécessaire au vu des circonstances ». Les projets de système d'armement commun dans l'air (FCAS) et sur terre (MGCS), en discussion depuis dix ans, ont peu avancé. La question est de savoir si ce dossier est susceptible d'effectuer une avancée décisive avec un couple franco-allemand Macron-Scholz, renforcé par les élections françaises. Autre préoccupation majeure de l'industrie lourde allemande : la crainte d'un rationnement sur le gaz en provenance de Russie. Des sociétés comme BASF, dans le secteur des hydrocarbures, verrait 40% de sa production se paralyser en cas d'arrêt brutal des livraisons ; le groupe sidérurgique ThyssenKrupp a, lui, annoncé la mise au chômage partiel de 1 300 salariés récemment. L'industrie allemande représente environ 37% de la consommation de gaz du pays, très dépendante des approvisionnements russes.

Le Monde et les Echos du 29 avril


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