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April 23, 2020 | International, Aerospace

L'impact du Coronavirus pour l'Europe

Au-delà du plan sanitaire, la crise du Coronavirus impacte l'ensemble des projets des Etats et vient questionner l'Europe.

L'Europe questionnée.

Le Sénat, à travers la commission des affaires étrangères et de la défense et des sénateurs Hélène Conway-Mouret et Ronan Le Gleut, a présenté les impacts de la crise du coronavirus sur l'Europe, sous l'angle de la défense et de la sécurité. Et le constat semble sans appel : la coopération entre les Etats européens doit être renforcée. « Le bilan de la coopération européenne est pour le moment nuancé : des coopérations bilatérales ont permis des transferts de patients du Grand Est vers des pays frontaliers [...] mais le Conseil européen du 26 mats a donné le spectacle d'Etats membres divisés, incapables de répondre rapidement à l'urgence de la situation », rapporte les deux sénateurs, en rappelant par ailleurs que des mécanismes existants permettraient une coopération accrue, à l'instar de l'article 222 du TFUE qui met en avant le principe de solidarité.

Surveiller le contexte international.

Cette nécessité de coopération est à analyser à la lumière du contexte international précédent la crise et renforcé par l'événement sanitaire qui touche actuellement le monde. « La crise risque en effet d'accentuer les évolutions stratégiques en cours : l'effritement de l'Europe, le désengagement américain et l'affirmation de puissance de certains Etats qui ne manqueront pas de s'emparer de la faiblesse de l'Europe pour faire avancer leurs propres intérêts », expliquent les deux sénateurs. En effet, on ne manquera pas de noter que si la crise touche violemment la grande majorité des Etats du monde, certains restent épargner, à l'instar de la Corée du Nord qui profite de l'occasion pour démontrer ses capacités militaires et mener des essais de missiles. De même, certains Etats profitent de l'absentéisme de réponse européenne pour nouer des liens précieux avec des pays du vieux continent en leur apportant une aide cruciale face à la crise. « Plusieurs acteurs et observateurs estiment aujourd'hui que la Chine et la Russie utilisent la crise sanitaire pour faire avancer leurs intérêts et renforcer leur influence. [...] Le déploiement de militaires russes en Italie, dans les zones les plus touchées par l'épidémie (Bergame) suscite des interrogations », rapportent les deux sénateurs.

Rester présent en OPEX.

Une autre préoccupation liée à la crise sanitaire actuelle réside dans la gestion des opérations extérieures. Une préoccupation qui touche d'autant plus la France, qui est aux premières loges au niveau européen. L'Europe « ne doit pas se détourner du reste du monde car la pandémie, si elle mobilise les esprits, ne fait pas disparaître les autres crises, et risque même de les aggraver », soulignent les auteurs. Une attention particulière doit être donnée à l'Afrique, qui souffre déjà d'importants déséquilibres économiques et d'inégalités sociales majeures, souvent à la racine des conflits qui sévissent actuellement sur le continent. Or cette situation pourrait se trouver largement accentuée par la crise du coronavirus, touchant massivement les économies des pays à travers le monde. Une accentuation des problèmes économiques et sociaux en Afrique pourrait aboutir à des désaccords internes pouvant mener à des affrontements. Retour à la case départ ?

https://air-cosmos.com/article/limpact-du-coronavirus-pour-leurope-22957

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