November 18, 2019 | International, C4ISR

How Lockheed Martin Is Trying To Link Everything on the Battlefield

BY PATRICK TUCKER

Experiment by experiment, the company is weaving aircraft, ground vehicles, satellites, and the rest into a network that will someday give commanders unprecedented decision-support options.

The Pentagon's efforts to digitally connect everything on the battlefield is has a big challenge to overcome: getting disparate vehicles and weapons to share data.

“The interoperability of various, different systems, that's really where we are struggling. We don't have that machine to machine connection to begin with,” Air Force Brig. Gen. David Kumashiro recently told the audience at last week's Defense One Outlook 2020 conference.

Over the past several years, Lockheed Martin officials say they've been working to build those connections, piece by piece and plane by plane. They started by asking, “How would we go fight in 2030, 2045?” and then working backwards, J.D. Hammond, vice president of C4ISR systems, told reporters at one of the company's offices. The company began by asking “How would we go fight in 2030, 2045?” They started with an idea of the state they wanted to reach and then worked backward.

In 2013, the company launched a project, dubbed Missouri, to link the stealthy F-22 and F-35 combat jets. The Air Force has announced that they are to test a similar link next month, but the Air Force is establishing more complete linkages, including new forms of secure radio linkagages using software defined radio, and also including other assets such as Valkyrie drones. In 2015, they launched Project Iguana, extending the datalinks to the high-flying U-2 spy plane, fourth-generation combat aircraft such as the F-16, and satellites. In February 2018, they conducted an experiment under DARPA's SoSITE program that added other aircraft and a ground station. In April, their RIOT experiment connectngi jets to ground vehicles.

Experiment by experiment, Lockheed tried to “systematically work” to build the components of a larger network of networks, said Hammond.

There are four experiments projects planned for next year: Mayhem, focusing on links for satellites; Edison, datalinks for the Navy; Brennan, aircraft and Army units; and Project CASTL, satellites and a “space tactical layer”.

Ultimately, Lockheed wants all this to add up to a “virtualized cloud-based architecture.” Think of it like the branches of a tree. A handful of ships and planes might form one network. That will, in turn, connect to a larger network that would, in turn, would be connected to the larger JEDI cloud.

“You end up with virtual private clouds on the edge with a computing architecture you could have on an aircraft, on a ship, or any of the deployed nodes,” said John Clark, Lockheed's vice president of intelligence-surveillance-reconnaissance and unmanned aerial systems.

Most of the linked aircraft and ships in these experiments carry an Enterprise Mission Computer 2.0 — dubbed “Einstein box” after its abbreviation, EMC2 — that translates each platform's data into a shared protocol that can go out to the larger wireless network.

Lockheed officials hope that bringing all these pieces together will enable a new sort of operating system for warfare. They showed journalists a new experimental battle management display to illustrate the concept.

The system presents the operator with a list of effects, from devastating explosions to a quiet disabling of some enemy system; a list of available assets, including planes or drones; a map of targets; and recommendations for the best way to deliver effects to targets. As circumstances change — fuel gets low, ammunition is depleted, targets are destroyed, new enemy forces arrive, etc. — the system can send out alerts that a new plan is needed — or automatically update the plan with new instructions for pilots and drone operators. It all depends on how high the operator wants to set the autonomy.

That vision is very different from the way mission tasking works today. Preston Dunlap, the chief architect of the Air Force, said at the Defense One Outlook 2020 conference, “Right now, our commanders are very limited in who they can assign to do certain” things. “More often than not, you have to assign someone because they happen to be in front of a specific place in front of a specific computer,” he said.

Of course, realtime data sharing across platforms isn't a simple or clear-cut affair, even after successful experimentation. The years-long problems with Lockheed's Autonomic Logistics Information System, or ALIS, for the F-35 show how hard it can be simply to share data between operators and just one platform. The challenges of sharing data between multiple platforms, in the middle of battle in a highly contested airspace, are far larger.

But commanders say they must try. “In terms of where our adversaries are,” Kumashiro said, U.S. forces have “a need to have this joint all-domain command-and-control system.”

https://www.defenseone.com/technology/2019/11/how-lockheed-martin-trying-link-everything-battlefield/161355

On the same subject

July 20, 2020 | International, Land

US Army releases draft RFP for Bradley vehicle replacement
By: Aaron Mehta WASHINGTON — The U.S. Army on Friday issued a draft request for proposals for the preliminary design phase of its delayed optionally manned fighting vehicle, or OMFV, the first major step in a relaunched competition to replace the Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle. The preliminary phase will be open for 40 days, with the goal of gathering industry feedback ahead of the final RFP, which will come later this year. That final RFP will award of up to five design contracts in June 2021, setting the next stage in the competition. “As we continue to progress through the first phase of our five-phased approach for the OMFV program, communication, inclusive feedback and innovative thinking from industry remains key,” Maj. Gen. Brian Cummings, the Army's program executive officer for ground combat systems, said in a statement. “We are looking forward to receiving feedback and learning from industry what's in the realm of the possible as we continue to develop this truly transformational vehicle for our Soldiers.” Added Brig. Gen. Ross Coffman, director of the Next Generation Combat Vehicles Cross-Functional Team: “Accurately defining the desired set of capabilities without over-constraining the design is critically important. “The Army is committed to open communication with industry to ensure the characteristics and eventual requirements of the OMFV are informed by technological advances.” The focus on gathering industry feedback should not be a surprise, given the recent history of the program. When the OMFV program was conceived, the Army planned to hold a prototyping competition, selecting two winning teams to build prototypes with a downselect to one at the end of an evaluation period. But in October, the Army ended up with only one bidder in the OMFV competition — General Dynamics Land Systems — after other competitors dropped out, citing requirements and schedule concerns. As a result, the Army in January announced it would be relaunching the program to ensure more competition going forward — a decision that led to service leaders taking heat from Congress during testimony in March. OMFV is the first large acquisition effort to come out of Army Futures Command. The draft RFP, posted on a government contracting website Friday, drives home the point by stating: “To permit industry design freedom and promote innovation, the Army has avoided quantifying or prescribing critical levels of performance wherever possible.” “We do not want to box industry into a solution,” Cummings said. “We want to incentivize industry as they lean forward and think creatively to bring the Army innovative technologies and solutions necessary to achieve our vision — both in terms of the ability to integrate newer technology we are seeing today and leaving space for future growth on the OMFV platform.” https://www.defensenews.com/land/2020/07/17/army-drops-draft-rfp-for-bradley-replacement/
March 20, 2019 | International, Naval

Les français Naval Group et ECA Robotics fourniront 12 chasseurs de mines à la Belgique et aux Pays-Bas
PAR LAURENT LAGNEAU Après avoir, dans la foulée de l'accord de partenariat stratégique conclu entre Paris et Canberra, signé le contrat de design pour les 12 futurs sous-marins Shorfin Barracuda destinés à la Royal Australian Navy, le constructeur naval français Naval Group, associé ECA Robotics, vient de remporter l'important marché portant sur le renouvellement des capacités de lutte anti-mines des forces navales belges et néerlandaises. Lancé en 2016 sous la responsabilité de la Belgique, ce marché, pour lequel une enveloppe de 2 milliards d'euros était prévue, vise à remplacer les chasseurs de mines de type Tripartite [CMT, conçus à Lorient] qui, en service depuis plus de 30 ans au sein des forces navales belges et néerlandaises, arriveront en fin de vie en 2023. Concrètement, le consortium emmené par Naval Group et ECA Robotics aura à livrer 12 chasseurs de mines à la Belgique et aux Pays-Bas mais surtout à imaginer ce que sera la guerre des mines de demain. « La future capacité utilisera des systèmes non habités en surface, au-dessus du niveau de l'eau et sous l'eau afin de détecter puis neutraliser des mines. Gr'ce à cette nouvelle méthode de travail, le vaisseau-mère et son personnel pourront rester hors du champ de mines car seuls les drones y seront actifs », a ainsi résumé le ministère belge de la Défense. Deux autres concurrents étaient en lice pour ce marché, dont le néerlandais Damen, associé à l'allemand Atlas Elektronik et à Imtech België, ainsi que le français Thales [actionnaire de Naval Group à hauteur de 35%, ndlr] allié aux chantiers navals de Saint-Nazaire et à Socarenam. Selon la presse d'outre-Quiévrain, le tandem Naval Group et ECA Robotics s'est imposé en faisant l'offre la moins disante à 1,756 milliad d'euros tout en assurant qu'il y aurait des retombées pour les industriels belges et néerlandais. Ainsi, la production d'une cinquantaine de robots sous-marins devrait se faire à Zeebruges. Quoi qu'il en soit, en obtenant ce marché visant à équiper des forces navales qui passent pour être parmi les plus performantes dans le domaine de la lutte anti-mines, Naval Group et ECA Robotics ont fait un coup de maître. En outre, dans le cadre de l'Otan, et avec 11 autres alliés, la Belgique et les Pays-Bas ont signé une lettre d'intention en vue de coopérer à la création de systèmes maritimes sans pilote, notamment en vue de réduire les coûts en réalisant des économies d'échelle. Et sur ce point, les deux industriels français sont sans doute désormais bien placés pour obtenir d'autres contrats à l'avenir. « Les mines marines sont des armes relativement peu coûteuses et disponibles. Elles peuvent aisément empêcher l'accès aux ports et aux voies navigables. Un incident survenu sur l'Escaut ou dans la mer du Nord peut représenter une perte économique quotidienne de cinquante millions d'euros. Garantir la sécurité des voies navigables et des ports est donc crucial pour notre économie. Chaque semaine, nos navires sont engagés. Ils participent à des missions internationales », a par ailleurs fait valoir le ministère belge de la Défense, qui estime que ce contrat renforcera la position de la Belgique « au sein de l'Otan en tant qu'expert et pionnier dans le domaine ». http://www.opex360.com/2019/03/16/les-francais-naval-group-et-eca-robotics-fourniront-12-chasseurs-de-mines-a-la-belgique-et-aux-pays-bas/
November 5, 2020 | International, Aerospace

Here’s how the Pentagon will test industry’s counter-drone tech for an enduring capability
By: Jen Judson WASHINGTON — Beginning early next year, the Pentagon will host the first opportunity for industry to demonstrate counter-drone technology aimed at small systems, the next step in a plan to test out new capabilities twice a year at common test ranges, according to Army officials in charge of the effort. Pentagon leaders approved in late September a set of requirements to help counter small drones, laying a path for how industry can develop technology to plug into a single command-and-control system. The Joint Counter-Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Office, or JCO, kicked off the pursuit with an industry open house Oct. 30. The defense secretary delegated the Army in November 2019 to lead the effort to consolidate the wide range of counter-small unmanned aerial system, or C-sUAS, capabilities into a select group of interim systems. Those systems have now been chosen, with the JCO turning its sights toward establishing an enduring collection of capabilities — while acknowledging that there's no silver bullet and that a layered approach is needed, using both kinetic and non-kinetic means, to defeat small drones. The JCO has identified three sites for common test ranges to conduct evaluation and testing of promising counter-drone technology, according to Col. Greg Soule, resources director for the Army's Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office. The RCCTO is supporting the JCO by helping identify material solutions for C-sUAS, and it is leveraging its work on directed-energy and high-power microwave technologies to roll into a solution. A decision memo on locations is awaiting approval by Army Vice Chief Gen. Joseph Martin. Soule said those locations will be shared “when the time is right.” The JCO also set up a working group to look into testing C-sUAS capabilities in an urban environment, according to Soule. To ensure the JCO is comparing apples to apples when it comes to counter-drone technology, it also stood up a working group with representatives across all the armed services to establish joint test protocols. That protocol is out for signature and should be in hand by Nov. 6. Additionally, Ellen Lord, the undersecretary of defense for acquisition and sustainment, has asked the JCO to look at the feasibility of establishing a single source for training targets “to help reduce costs, reduce lead times and streamline the waiver process,” Soule said. “All services already have sources for where they go now. So potentially we could find a way to find some synergies and efficiencies.” Industry interest Industry is eager to get technology in front of both the JCO and RCCTO. Many defense companies participating in the Association of the U.S. Army's annual virtual conference last month highlighted counter-drone capability. General Dynamics Mission Systems featured its recent partnership with Dedrone, a leader in drone detection and defeat technologies using machine-learning software, sensors and electronic attack methods. Lockheed Martin showcased its MoRFIUS C-sUAS capability that it is working on with the RCCTO. MoRFIUS uses high-power microwave technology in an aerial platform. That capability can be used to extend the range beyond current counter-drone defeat systems to defeat drone swarms. MoRFIUS is a recoverable and reusable technology. Leonardo DRS also highlighted its mobile counter-drone capability using Moog's Reconfigurable Integrated-weapons Platform turret with multiple kinetic effectors, different electro-magnetic and infrared sensors, an onboard radar, and electronic warfare technologies. Raytheon, which has a foothold in the C-sUAS market with its Coyote Block II kinetic effector and its Ku-Band Radio Frequency System, emphasized its track record and upgrades to the system. The industry open house had roughly 500 industry representatives tune in. The JCO will select industry applicants to show off their capabilities at the first demo, which is to take place in the second quarter of fiscal 2021. At the demonstration, the JCO will provide instrumentation and threat surrogates as well command-and-control elements. Industry participants will need to bring technology to defeat drones, said Adam Martin, who briefed industry on test ranges and protocols at the open house. There will be technology insertion points in the enduring architecture after each demonstration that address gaps, he added. https://www.defensenews.com/unmanned/2020/11/04/heres-how-the-pentagon-will-test-industrys-counter-drone-tech-for-an-enduring-capability/

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