Here’s what Japan’s Defense Ministry wants to do with $50.5 billion

On the same subject

• 

  July 31, 2019 | International, Aerospace, Security

  The next cybersecurity concern for NATO? Space

  By: Kelsey Reichmann A new report warns that the cybersecurity vulnerabilities related to military space systems, specifically terminals and command-and-control systems, deserves renewed attention from NATO countries. The report, titled “Cybersecurity of NATO's Spaced-based Strategic Assets,” was produced by Chatham House, which is part of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, a policy institute in London. The paper, by Beyza Unal, was released July 1. “There is an urgent need to study and address cyber-related challenges to strategic assets within NATO and its key member countries, particularly the cyberthreat to space-based command and control systems,” the report read. “The increasing vulnerability of space-based assets, ground stations, associated command and control systems, and the personnel who manage the systems, has not yet received the attention it deserves.” The report highlights cybersecurity vulnerabilities to space systems used by countries in the NATO alliance, notably singling out commercial products used in military operations as a particular risk. These vulnerabilities can come from back-door encryption, supply chain security, and personnel and procedural practices, according to the report. NATO uses space assets to defend territory, peacekeeping missions, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, counterterrorism, and conflict prevention. “There is an increasing need to apply higher-grade military hardening and cyber protection specifications to civilian capabilities that have the potential to be used in support of military applications,” the report read. “If military standards are not met, items procured from commercial industry with design flaws may expose NATO's systems to additional vulnerabilities." The report also points to the importance of securing satellite terminals. “Terminals located in ground stations constitute a critical vulnerability, as a terminal is an access point to a satellite and is usually not protected by authentication in order not to hinder operational actions,” the report said. “Terminals house software systems that can be compromised and require patching and upgrading.” Data flowing between satellites, especially ground stations, can become vulnerable, according to the report. “Adversaries infiltrating ground- or space-based systems could exploit weak software implementation, or the incompatibility of network or data transfer protocols in the chain,” the report read. “While the absence of data is easy to detect, the manipulation of data or erosion of confidentiality at such an interface is potentially more difficult to discern.” Among the report's recommendations is that NATO strengthen its cyber defense through increased collaboration between the public and private sector. This would allow for more timely information sharing of cyberthreats. The report also urges NATO to emphasize that commercial manufacturers meet basic cybersecurity standards and possibly more stringent military protection standards. “In the future, military systems will be increasingly connected to non-military systems,” the report stated. “This has important implications for the laws of armed conflict, as the combination of civilian, commercial and military capabilities in the cyber domain and space raises the risk that civilian capabilities used for military purposes qualify as legitimate military targets.” https://www.fifthdomain.com/international/2019/07/30/the-next-cybersecurity-concern-for-nato-space/

• 

  December 4, 2020 | International, Aerospace, Naval, Land, C4ISR, Security

  Le «fonds innovation défense», doté de 200 millions d'euros, lancé vendredi

  Par Le Figaro avec AFP Publié le 02/12/2020 à 14:55 Le «fonds innovation défense», doté de 200 millions d'euros et destiné à financer des start-up et PME portant des projets innovants, sera lancé vendredi, a annoncé mercredi la ministre des Armées Florence Parly en inaugurant le Forum innovation défense. «Je signerai cette semaine avec Bpifrance l'acte de naissance du fonds innovation défense qui s'inscrit dans la stratégie de développement de l'innovation que j'ai souhaitée», a affirmé la ministre dans une allocution retransmise en ligne. Cette signature doit avoir lieu vendredi, selon l'agenda de la ministre. Le fonds, nommé Definnov alors qu'il était au stade de projet, «sera destiné à des start-up et des PME qui développent des technologies innovantes, transverses et présentent un intérêt pour la défense», a-t-elle expliqué. Il «pourra aller jusqu'à 400 millions d'euros» avec la contribution de Bpifrance et la participation souhaitée d'industriels, selon le cabinet de la ministre. «À ce stade, quelques industriels se sont manifestés, pas forcément les plus grands maîtres d'œuvre industriels de défense que l'on connaît habituellement», selon cette source, sans plus de précisions. Le fonds innovation défense sera complémentaire du fonds «French Tech Souveraineté», a par ailleurs affirmé Mme Parly. Ce dernier, doté de 150 millions d'euros, vise à défendre les start-up françaises fragilisées par la crise de l'appétit de prédateurs étrangers. Le ministère des Armées prévoit de consacrer un milliard d'euros par an à partir de 2022 aux projets d'innovation ou «études amont», contre un peu plus de 700 millions en 2017. «En 2021, nous approchons du but, en investissant 901 millions d'euros pour les projets d'innovation», a détaillé la ministre. Organisé en ligne pendant trois jours par l'Agence de l'innovation de défense, le Forum innovation défense doit notamment se pencher sur les questions d'éthique de «soldat augmenté», le militaire dont les capacités physiques ou cognitives sont stimulées afin de renforcer son efficacité. Y seront également lancés les premiers travaux de la «Red Team», une équipe réunissant une dizaine d'auteurs de science-fiction chargés de réfléchir aux scénarios de menaces et de conflits à l'horizon 2030-2060. «Ce n'est pas un gadget, le but est d'imaginer des scénarios totalement disruptifs qu'on n'aurait pas imaginés dans le travail au quotidien», explique-t-on au cabinet de la ministre. https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/le-fonds-innovation-defense-dote-de-200-millions-d-euros-lance-vendredi-20201202

• 

  June 10, 2020 | International, Aerospace

  Use existing and planned craft for unmanned logistical resupply

  By: Wayne Prender and David Phillips To counter expected adversary anti-access/area denial strategies, U.S. naval forces will face significant challenges resupplying dispersed units under emerging distributed operations concepts, particularly in the large geographical distances of the Western Pacific. Future Marine littoral regiments, for example, will require layers of manned and unmanned vessels capable of moving personnel and materiel in decentralized operations to complicate enemy decision-making and targeting. Naval leaders have made clear such decentralized resupply of small, but lethal, expeditionary teams is key to defeating anti-access/area denial threats. With the Department of the Navy already challenged to affordably build and sustain a larger combat fleet, designing, buying and commissioning significant numbers of purpose-built craft solely for this purpose is not ideal. Rather, the Navy should look to adapt fleets of scaled derivative versions of existing or planned naval craft types — particularly those which can be unmanned or optionally manned for specific missions. This option provides the Navy with a greater breadth of capabilities at a more affordable cost. A future fleet of unmanned logistical connectors can leverage existing and planned programs of record. The technology already exists to optionally man or unman such vessels. Appropriately scaled and tailored derivatives of these vessels would conduct logistical cargo missions when required, in addition to performing the existing vital functions the craft already carry out for the fleet. The unmanned logistics fleet would be a necessary adjunct to larger planned manned assets, such as a next-generation light amphibious warship. Naval planners will have to strike a balance between size, capability and affordability. However, even with a lower cost, the vessels must still be large and flexible enough to be capable of performing multiple missions with different payloads. The resulting craft should also be able to reliably operate autonomously over a wide range of environmental conditions at significant distances, have a light logistics footprint and possess sufficient cargo-carrying capacity. Rather than a homogeneous unmanned cargo fleet, the Navy could instead utilize several derivatives of existing vessels it already operates or has planned, which will ease any additional maintenance or training burden. Marines operating in the wide-open spaces of the Western Pacific might, for example, use larger variants capable of hauling cargo over greater distances, while units in other geographic locations are equipped with smaller versions more appropriate for their specific environments. The ability to repurpose multiple craft types would allow a more diverse fleet composition of manned and unmanned vessels teamed for mission-tailored flexibility. Moreover, craft that can accommodate interchangeable payloads would also be available to naval planners for additional missions. For example, the vessels could be equipped with a variety of intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance sensors to improve fleet situational awareness while also performing the cargo resupply missions. Buying scaled derivatives of existing program craft will bring additional benefits, including cost savings through economies of scale for acquisition, while minimizing any upfront developmental costs, as hull forms, key components and systems largely already exist. Moreover, because much of the basic systems and components will be common, training, maintenance and repair functions can be streamlined, adding yet more savings over the vessels' life cycles. Likewise, the technologies for unmanning and optionally manning are well along in their development, while autonomous behaviors and autonomy technologies developed for other programs can be reused rather than having to be created anew. For example, autonomous behaviors and control technologies developed for unmanned aircraft systems can be leveraged for naval applications, while similar autonomy technologies for unmanned ground vehicles are also progressing. Within the naval domain, experimentation such as Advanced Naval Technology Exercise 2019 and Exercise Citadel Shield-Solid Curtain earlier this year have already demonstrated that unmanned surface vessels can autonomously station keep, navigate around obstacles, protect high-value assets and conduct other necessary core functions. As autonomy technologies further develop, unmanned naval craft of the size and complexity envisioned for logistics and cargo hauling will be able to add new missions and functionality. Longer term, delivery of logistical payloads to Marines on a beachhead can be done completely with unmanned platforms. For example, small to medium robotic ground vehicles loaded with supplies could be carried by one of these unmanned logistical craft. Rather than Marines exposing themselves to hostile fire while unloading supplies on the beach, robotic ground vehicles or aerial drones disembark from the vessels and deliver cargo directly to the Marines in a more secure location. Such vehicles need not be fully autonomous, but rather could be partially autonomous or remotely operated from the security of the protected location. While many details of this concept require further exploration and refinement, conducting experimentation to bring truly multidomain capabilities to bear on the resupply challenge is a worthy endeavor. Getting these and related technologies into the hands of sailors, Marines and other U.S. forces to test and refine will be the quickest and most fruitful way to develop the new concepts and field the necessary capabilities. Wayne Prender and David Phillips are senior vice presidents at Textron Systems. https://www.defensenews.com/opinion/commentary/2020/06/09/use-existing-and-planned-craft-for-unmanned-logistical-resupply/