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October 2, 2019 | International, Security

Ces startups du renseignement poussées dans les bras étrangers

Par Anne Drif

Comme Linkurious et Earthcube, plusieurs entreprises innovantes du renseignement et de la défense sont sollicitées par des investisseurs étrangers, dont le fonds de la CIA In-Q-Tel. En France, elles n'ont pas ou peu d'alternatives de financement.

"Il faut arrêter Hollywood !" l'che, amer, un entrepreneur français devant le déluge d'images sur l'innovation des armées qui anime la communication du ministère de la Défense depuis quelques semaines. Le "Flyboard Air" de Franky Zapata a failli battre pavillon américain . D'autres projets moins cathodiques sont poussés à prendre un drapeau étranger, faute de trouver les financements adéquats en France.

La faille est désormais bien identifiée par les investisseurs étrangers, qui ont ciblé ouvertement ces derniers mois les startup françaises du secteur de la défense et de la sécurité. Le fonds de la CIA, In-Q-Tel, s'est intéressé de près à Linkurious, la startup qui a aidé dans l'affaire des "Panama Papers" en détectant les interconnexions entre personnes à partir de signaux faibles pour les banques, l'armée ou Bercy.

Investisseurs américains ou qataris

Le fonds d'investissement américain , qui vient de s'installer en Europe, a également approché Earthcube . Cette solution d'intelligence artificielle qui permet d'identifier en quelques secondes des micro pixels sur des images satellites est utilisée par la Direction du renseignement militaire. La société Elika, qui innove dans la linguistique opérationnelle pour permettre aux forces armées de communiquer dans un langage interallié a elle aussi reçu des propositions de fonds américains et qataris.

Certaines - par exemple Dataiku, qui travaille pour Tracfin -, ont déjà basculé. La startup d'intelligence artificielle a bouclé un quatrième tour de table de 101 millions de dollars auprès de fonds anglo-saxons de premier ordre, comme Iconiq Capital, proche du CEO de Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg.

Des startup trop connotées

De fait, les startup de la défense et du renseignement se lancent gr'ce aux subventions et aux contrats industriels noués avec la Direction générale de l'armement ou la nouvelle Agence d'innovation de la défense, mais peinent très vite à grandir avec des solutions de financement hexagonales. "Si on veut conserver un ADN tricolore, l'écosystème de financement reste à inventer. Les investisseurs français sont hésitants à l'idée de mettre de l'argent dans notre secteur", témoigne Arnaud Guérin, le cofondateur d'Earthcube.

Chez Numalis, où l'on gère une méthode de calcul capable de corriger les systèmes critiques des missiles, des fusées ou des centrales nucléaires, on cherche aussi de l'agent frais. La startup, qui mobilise des subventions de BPI et reçoit l'aide d'un fonds régional, a tenté de convaincre des fonds de capital-risque et d'amorçage. En vain.

Désintérêts

"Nous n'y sommes pas arrivés, explique Arnault Ioualalen, le fondateur. Si l'on ne trouve pas d'acteur français, nous nous efforcerons de nous tourner vers des Européens. Mais les fonds classiques réfléchissent à cinq ans, un horizon beaucoup trop court pour la deep-tech."

Les grands fonds français expliquent leur appréhension. "Nous ne pouvons pas investir dans ce qui touche de près ou de loin au commerce d'armes, explique Jean-Marc Patouillaud, managing partner de Partech. Le nombre limité d'acteurs, de clients, la nature des cycles et des processus de vente sont des facteurs de risques, sans compter le droit de regard des pouvoirs publics sur toute transaction."

Coup de fil du ministère des armées

Même constat de Benoist Grossmann, le directeur général d'Idinvest. "La cybersécurité et la géosurveillance sont peu matures, et il existe plein d'autres opportunités dans d'autres secteurs. Aux Etats Unis, c'est différent, le marché de la défense est beaucoup plus profond", ajoute-t-il.

Quand les fonds français osent quand même s'intéresser au secteur, "la première chose qu'ils sondent est Bercy au titre du contrôle des investissements... Dans l'heure, ils reçoivent un coup de fil de la DGA !" témoigne un entrepreneur.

En réalité, ce problème n'est pas nouveau. En témoigne la création de Definvest, le fonds de 50 millions d'euros monté l'an dernier par bpifrance pour le compte du ministère des Armées. Mais ce dernier ne répond que partiellement aux besoins, car il intervient uniquement... aux côtés de fonds privés, et ne prend jamais la main. Par le passé, d'autres tentatives semi-publiques avaient déjà échoué .

Pré-carré des industriels

La défiance est la même du côté des banques. "Nous avons fait le choix de ne pas lever de fonds étrangers, mais nous ne trouvons pas de financement bancaire, même pour 500.000 euros. Nous tentons donc de fonctionner avec des prêts d'honneur de Total, Airbus et Michelin. C'est forcément limité", déplore Karine Joyeux, la présidente d'Elika.

Pour les startup, les verrous ne sont pas que financiers. "Ce que nous font comprendre en creux les institutions de la Défense, c'est qu'elles ne veulent pas voir l'émergence de startups qui viendraient concurrencer les grands groupes installés, s'agace un entrepreneur du secteur. L'armée pousse à ce que nous intégrions nos technologies dans ces grands groupes, mais nous voulons garder notre indépendance. Et ce n'est pas ce qui va pousser à créer des technologies de rupture !"

Du coup, certaines startup préfèrent l'autofinancement, comme Linkurious. "Nous avons fait le choix de ne pas lever de fonds pour garder notre indépendance", explique le président exécutif Sébastien Heymann.

Vers un abandon du secteur défense pour le civil

D'autres jeunes pousses renoncent et se réorientent purement et simplement vers la seule clientèle civile. C'est le "pivot" opéré par Flaminem, pourtant présenté comme le futur concurrent français de la société américaine d'analyse de données Palantir. "Nous restons attentifs au marché régalien, mais ce n'est pas un domaine qui réagit suffisamment vite à notre échelle", explique Antoine Rizk, le CEO de Flaminem. La startup s'est donc entièrement tournée vers le vaste marché de la lutte contre la fraude et le blanchiment des banques. Moins sulfureux, mais plus "bankable".

https://start.lesechos.fr/startups/actu-startups/ces-startups-du-renseignement-poussees-dans-les-bras-etrangers-16216.php

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    Contract Awards by US Department of Defense - February 13, 2019

    NAVY British Aerospace Engineering Systems Technology Solutions & Services Inc., Rockville, Maryland (N00421-D-0035); Coherent Technical Services Inc.,* Lexington Park, Maryland (N00421-D-0036); Engility Corp., Andover, Maine (N00421-D-0037); J.F. Taylor Inc., Lexington Park, Maryland (N00421-D-0038); KBRwyle Technology Solutions LLC, Columbia, Maryland (N00421-D-0039); Lockheed Martin Rotary and Mission Systems, Manassas, Virginia (N00421-D-0040); and Valkyrie Enterprises Inc.,* Virginia Beach, Virginia (N00421-D-0041), are each awarded indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contracts. The estimated aggregate ceiling for all contracts is $235,005,530, with the companies having an opportunity to compete for individual orders. These contracts provide for Air Traffic Control and Landing Systems Operations Onboard Ship and Shore support services for the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) - Air Traffic Control and Landing Systems Division (NAWCAD 4.11.7). Services to be provided include operational, technical, logistical and system engineering support for system certification; technical assistance; systems analysis and engineering; test and evaluation; installation and maintenance; hardware design, development, technical logistics support; configuration management; training support; equipment manufacturing; quality control; and project management of Mobile Air Battle management systems and communication-electronic systems. Work will be performed in St. Inigoes, Maryland (20 percent); and at various contractor locations within the continental U.S. (80 percent), and is expected to be completed in February 2024. No funds are being obligated at time of award, funds will be obligated on individual orders as they are issued. These contracts were competitively procured via an electronic request for proposals, with seven offers received. The Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division, Patuxent River, Maryland, is the contracting activity. Diversified Maintenance Systems,* Sandy, Utah, is awarded a maximum amount $49,000,000 indefinite-delivery indefinite quantity contract for commercial and institutional building construction alterations, renovations, and repair projects at Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake, California. Projects will be primarily design-bid-build (fully designed) task orders or task order with minimal design effort (e.g. shop drawings). Projects may include, but are not limited to, alterations, repairs, and construction of administration buildings, maintenance/repair facilities, aircraft control towers, hangars, fire stations, office buildings, laboratories, dining facilities and related structures. Work will be performed in Ridgecrest, California. The term of the contract is not to exceed 60 months with an expected completion date of January 2024. Fiscal 2019 operations and maintenance (Navy) contract funds in the amount of $5,000 are obligated on this award and will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. Future task orders will be primarily funded by operations and maintenance (Navy). This contract was competitively procured via the Navy Electronic Commerce Online website, with eight proposals received. The Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, San Diego, California, is the contracting activity (N62473-19-D-2612). The Boeing Co., Huntington Beach, California, is awarded a $43,000,000 fixed-priced-incentive modification to previously awarded contract N00024-17-C-6307 for the fabrication, test, and delivery of four Orca Extra Large Unmanned Undersea Vehicles (XLUUVs) and associated support elements. The Orca XLUUV will be an open architecture, reconfigurable Unmanned Undersea Vehicle. The Orca XLUUV will be modular in construction with the core vehicle providing guidance and control, navigation, autonomy, situational awareness, core communications, power distribution, energy and power, propulsion and maneuvering, and mission sensors. The Orca XLUUV will have well-defined interfaces for the potential of implementing cost-effective upgrades in future increments to leverage advances in technology and respond to threat changes. The Orca XLUUV will have a modular payload bay, with defined interfaces to support current and future payloads for employment from the vehicle. The competition for XLUUV requirements is still in source-selection, and therefore the specific contract award amount is considered source-selection sensitive information (see 41 U.S. Code 2101, et seq., Federal Acquisition Regulation 2.101 and 3.104) and will not be made public at this time. 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Lockheed Martin Corp., Fort Worth, Texas, is awarded $14,498,758 for modification P00009 to a previously awarded fixed-price incentive firm contract (N0001918C1048) to provide for initial lay-in of repair material for seven F-35 Lightning II systems at various depots in support of the Air Force, Marine Corps, Navy, non-U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) participants, and Foreign Military Sales (FMS) customers. Work will be performed in Orlando, Florida (34 percent); Fort Worth, Texas (27 percent); Jackson, Mississippi (16 percent); Windsor Locks, Connecticut (16 percent); St. Louis, Missouri (4 percent); and East Aurora, New York (3 percent), and is expected to be completed in July 2024. Fiscal 2017 aircraft procurement (Marine Corps, and Navy); fiscal 2018 aircraft procurement (Air Force); non-U.S. DoD participant; and FMS funds in the amount of $14,498,758 are being obligated at time of award, $4,582,113 of which will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract combines purchases for the Air Force ($6,332,003; 43.68 percent); Marine Corps ($3,128,745; 21.58 percent); Navy ($1,453,368; 10.02 percent); non-U.S. DoD Participants ($2,470,964; 17.04 percent), and FMS customers ($1,113,678; 7.68 percent). The Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Maryland, is the contracting activity. EPS Corp., Tinton Falls, New Jersey, is awarded a $10,980,406 modification to a previously awarded hybrid cost-plus-fixed-fee, firm-fixed price, indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contract (N00174-17-D-0026) to exercise an option for technical expertise in the development and testing of underwater weapons and underwater weapons systems components. This requirement is to develop an underwater weapons system acquisition/procurement program that provides underwater weapons systems (including authentic foreign mines) for research, development, test and evaluation of underwater weapons systems and mine countermeasures systems. Work will be performed in Tinton Falls, New Jersey (95 percent); Montenegro (2 percent); Bulgaria (2 percent); and Italy (1 percent), and is expected to be complete by February 2020. No additional funds are being obligated at the time of this action. The Naval Surface Warfare Center Indian Head Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division, Indian Head, Maryland, is the contracting activity. Detyens Shipyards Inc., North Charleston, South Carolina, is awarded a $10,517,749 firm-fixed-price contract for a 50-calendar day shipyard availability for the regular overhaul and dry docking of USNS William McLean (T-AKE 12). Work will include clean and gas-free tanks, voids, cofferdams and spaces, main engine and electric motor maintenance, 10-year crane maintenance and recertification, dry-docking and undocking, propeller shaft and stern tube inspect, freshwater (closed loop) stern tube lubrication, underwater hull cleaning and painting, 2.5-year bow thruster maintenance and tunnel grating modification, renew flight deck nonskid, and auxiliary pre-stage area refrigeration installation. The contract includes options which, if exercised, would bring the total contract value to $10,583,543. Work will be performed in North Charleston, South Carolina, and is expected to be completed by July 16, 2019. Fiscal 2019 operations and maintenance (Navy) funds in the amount of $10,517,749 are obligated at the time of award and funds will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. 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Locations of performance are North Carolina and Texas, with a Feb. 16, 2020, performance completion date. Using military service is Army. Type of appropriation is fiscal 2019, through 2020 defense working capital funds. The contracting activity is the Defense Logistics Agency Troop Support, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. WASHINGTON HEADQUARTERS SERVICES CompQsoft Inc., Leesburg, Virginia, has been awarded a $7,710,468 a hybrid contract which includes firm-fixed-price labor hour and time and materials contract line item numbers. The contract is to provide audio-visual/video conference support services, by Joint Service Provider to supported agencies in the most efficient manner possible. Work performance will take place primarily in the National Capital Region, including the Pentagon, Mark Center and Crystal City, Virginia. Fiscal 2019 operations and maintenance funds in the amount of $7,710,468 are being obligated on this award. The expected completion date is Sept. 29, 2023. Washington Headquarters Services, Arlington, Virginia, is the contracting activity (HQ0034-18-C-0118). DEFENSE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AGENCY Solers Inc., Arlington, Virginia, was awarded an indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity (ID/IQ) contract for Systems Engineering, Technology, and Innovation. This was a competitive solicitation for a multiple-award ID/IQ contract, with an unrestricted pool and a pool set-aside for small businesses. The original awards for the unrestricted pool were initially made in June 2018. Four post-award protests were submitted to the Government Accountability Office (GAO). Following the GAO decisions, issued in October 2018, the agency took corrective action that resulted in the decision to award a contract to Solers Inc. The face value of this action is a ceiling amount of $7,500,000,000. The awardee will each receive a minimum guarantee of $500 applicable to the base ordering period only. All other funding will be obligated at the task order level. 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