1 mars 2019 | International, Aérospatial, Terrestre, C4ISR

Grand entretien avec Joël Barre, délégué général pour l'armement

ANNE BAUER

« Le spatial devient un champ de confrontation potentiel »

« La course à l'armement a bel et bien repris », a affirmé Florence Parly lors des voeux aux armées. Partagez-vous ce constat ?

Avec une remontée en puissance des moyens à 295 milliards d'euros sur la période 2019-2025, la loi de programmation militaire promulguée en juillet dernier répond aux conclusions de la revue stratégique menée pendant l'été 2017. Celle-ci identifiait un renforcement des menaces, tant du côté du terrorisme que des stratégies de puissance des grandes nations, lesquelles investissent massivement dans les technologies de rupture. Plutôt que d'une course aux armements, je parlerais surtout d'une dynamique liée à l'apparition de technologies sur lesquelles il faut s'interroger.

Quelles sont-elles ?

On peut par exemple mentionner le planeur hypersonique évoqué par la ministre des Armées, Florence Parly. Actuellement, l'armée française est capable de pénétrer les systèmes de défense ennemis avec des dispositifs conventionnels, tels que des missiles de croisière, mais elle n'a pas de capacité hypersonique. Nous devons faire preuve d'anticipation et étudier cette technologie.

La DGA a dans ce cadre notifié un contrat d'études à ArianeGroup, qui s'appuiera sur les recherches de l'Onera, pour réaliser un prototype de planeur hypersonique à l'horizon de 2021. Envoyé par une fusée-sonde, le planeur non propulsé doit ensuite rebondir sur les couches de l'atmosphère à une vitesse supérieure à Mach 5.

Face à la prolifération des missiles de longue portée, les Européens ont-ils conservé leurs capacités d'intervention ?

Oui, bien sûr. On l'a démontré en Syrie avec l'opération Hamilton de bombardement des caches chimiques en avril 2018. Nos opérations au Levant nous ont d'ailleurs permis de mesurer les progrès des défenses russes. Logiquement, les défenses s'améliorent dans le temps et il faut s'y préparer. La Chine et la Russie auraient mené des premières expériences sur la technologie hypersonique, mais l'enjeu se pose à l'horizon 2030-2040.

Est-il exact qu'avec ce bond hypersonique n'importe quel point du globe pourrait être atteint en moins d'une heure ?

On n'en est pas là. Le premier démonstrateur doit servir à évaluer les capacités de ces technologies et à étudier comment les maîtriser. Maîtriser la manoeuvrabilité à très grande vitesse dans des couches de la basse atmosphère exige d'inventer un nouveau système de guidage et de trouver de nouveaux matériaux résistant à la chaleur, ce qui pose d'immenses défis.

L'intelligence artificielle va-t-elle bouleverser la défense ?

L'IA est d'abord un facteur d'augmentation des capacités des systèmes d'armes existants pour permettre aux soldats de gagner en performance, précision et protection. Par exemple, les développements autour du « Man Machine Teaming » menés avec Dassault consistent avec l'IA à bord du cockpit à aider le pilote à analyser au mieux toutes les données pour réagir à toutes les situations. Dans le domaine terrestre, l'IA va nous permettre de déployer davantage de robotique, par exemple pour la détection des mines improvisées. Dans le domaine naval, l'IA va ainsi permettre de robotiser la chasse aux mines.

Faut-il craindre le développement de « robots tueurs » ?

Non, la France a une position très claire : elle ne se lancera pas dans le développement de « robots tueurs », capables de tuer de leur propre initiative. La ministre Florence Parly l'a répété plusieurs fois, l'homme doit rester dans la boucle. L'IA aidera l'homme mais ne le remplacera pas.

Et comment se prémunir face aux activités balistiques de pays de plus en plus menaçants ?

Face à des nations au comportement inquiétant qui respectent de moins en moins les accords internationaux, nous devons nous préparer. Par le passé, plusieurs systèmes d'alerte ont été testés pour surveiller les départs de missiles, comme les satellites Spirale de détection infrarouge ou les radars à très longue portée pour suivre la trajectoire des missiles. Un rapport sur la politique spatiale militaire a été rendu en janvier au président de la République et il devrait en tirer des conclusions.

Détecter un départ de missile, le suivre et, le cas échéant, savoir l'intercepter, réclame des développements capacitaires différents. Faut-il les mener tous ? Seul ou avec les Européens ? Comment conjuguer un système d'alerte avec la dissuasion nucléaire ? Autant de réflexions stratégiques importantes.

Notre politique spatiale militaire doit-elle être complétée dans d'autres domaines ?

La LPM prévoit 3,6 milliards d'euros pour le renouvellement complet de nos satellites optiques, d'écoute électromagnétique et de télécommunication. Il faudra aussi améliorer notre surveillance de l'espace, car le spatial devient un champ de confrontation potentiel entre les différentes puissances. Il faut donc, par exemple, pouvoir discriminer dans l'espace un débris d'un objet potentiellement hostile.

Pour rester dans la course, il n'y a pas d'autre solution que la coopération européenne. Nous avons ainsi proposé aux Allemands de définir ensemble une feuille de route dans le domaine de la surveillance de l'espace. Et nous proposerons ensuite à la Commission européenne des projets réunissant plusieurs Etats pour avoir accès aux financements du futur Fonds européen de défense.

Qui a des capacités de destruction des satellites ?

Les Chinois ont détruit un de leurs propres satellites avec un de leurs missiles pour montrer qu'ils savaient le faire. Les Etats-Unis ont conduit des expériences équivalentes. Rappelons que le budget spatial public des Etats-Unis s'élève entre 50 et 60 milliards de dollars par an, en incluant la Nasa, l'US Air Force et les « black programs ».

L'Europe peut-elle rester dans la course face à de tels montants ?

Pour la première fois, le budget européen va pouvoir contribuer au financement de programmes de défense. Les enjeux sont donc très importants. Il faudra financer de réels besoins. Dans le cadre des actions préparatoires, des premiers contrats seront passés à la fin de l'année 2019 pour une première tranche de financement de 500 millions d'euros. Dans ce cadre, nous soutenons par exemple avec l'Allemagne le financement de l'Eurodrone moyenne altitude longue distance, un projet d'Airbus, Leonardo et Dassault, ou bien le programme Essor de radio logicielle de nouvelle génération, dont Thales est le leader et qui réunit les Allemands, les Belges, les Italiens, l'Espagne et la Suède. L'idée est de faire naître un standard de radio logicielle indépendant et interopérable avec celui de l'Otan. Nous promouvons aussi d'autres projets, par exemple autour des HAPS, High Altitude Pseudo-Satellite, concept qui correspond au ballon Stratobus de Thales et au Zephyr d'Airbus.

Combien va investir la DGA cette année ?

La première mission à la DGA est d'équiper les forces armées le plus efficacement possible. Cette année, nous allons engager 14 milliards d'euros, soit 10 % de plus qu'en 2018, sur plus d'une centaine de programmes d'armement. Premier investisseur public, notre responsabilité est donc très grande. Comme la ministre Florence Parly l'a indiqué, il nous faut « faire mieux avec plus ». C'est pourquoi la DGA veut améliorer ses méthodes d'acquisition, avec des processus moins « linéaires » pour aller vers plus de collaboration entre la DGA, les armées et les industriels dès le stade de la définition des besoins. Nous discutons aussi avec l'industrie pour inclure des clauses de disponibilité dans les contrats ainsi que pour trouver le bon équilibre afin d'obliger chacun à mieux maîtriser les délais et les coûts, et les risques.

Les exportations sont-elles en hausse ?

Il est trop tôt pour avancer un chiffre précis, mais nous devrions atteindre un chiffre comparable à l'année 2017, soit environ 7 milliards d'euros. Il faut garder à l'esprit que cela représente 30 % du chiffre d'affaires de notre industrie de défense et est indispensable pour entretenir les chaînes de production à la cadence nécessaire.

L'an dernier, la DGA a mis au point un nouveau dispositif de soutien à l'exportation avec le contrat Camo négocié avec les Belges. La Belgique nous délègue la gestion du contrat au sein d'un partenariat gouvernemental entre la France et la Belgique. De plus en plus, les pays acheteurs de matériel de défense réclament des garanties en performance et en fiabilité, que seule la DGA peut leur apporter.

Veto américain, gel allemand, la France n'a-t-elle pas de plus en plus de mal à exporter son matériel de défense ?

Pour limiter notre exposition aux réglementations étrangères qui peuvent contraindre nos exportations d'armements, quand ceux-ci contiennent des composants de pays tiers, nous menons, sur certains composants stratégiques, une politique de souveraineté européenne que nous défendons dans le contexte du Fonds européen de défense.

Et à l'échelon européen, je souhaite que nous nous mettions d'accord sur les règles d'exportation des matériels développés en commun, notamment entre la France et l'Allemagne. Les accords Debré-Schmidt, qui permettent à chacun d'exporter selon sa réglementation nationale, sont une excellente source d'inspiration et doivent être actualisés.

A l'heure où nous développons des programmes ambitieux en coopération franco-allemande, notamment pour le système de combat aérien du futur et le char du futur, il est urgent de trouver des règles du jeu communes. Les lettres d'intention signées par les ministres de la défense française et allemande en octobre 2018 sur ces deux programmes contiennent déjà une clause d'exportabilité. Elle doit être améliorée, développée et précisée dans les prochains contrats qui seront conclus en juin pour un démonstrateur d'avion de combat et le démonstrateur du moteur du futur.

https://www.lesechos.fr/industrie-services/air-defense/0600724272068-grand-entretien-avec-joel-barre-delegue-general-pour-larmement-2248854.php

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    16 mars 2020 | International, Aérospatial

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  • Contract Awards by US Department of Defense - June 26, 2020

    29 juin 2020 | International, Aérospatial, Naval, Terrestre, C4ISR, Sécurité

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These build-to-print machined parts are used for military projects including, but not limited to, the fixed forward firing weapons and interface unit automatic processor systems that are utilized on the MH-60R Seahawk and MH-60S Knighthawk helicopters. Work is expected to be completed by June 2025, or June 2030 if all options are exercised. Working capital funding of a $3,000 minimum contractual award for each vendor ($18,000 total) will be obligated at the time of award and will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract were competitively procured via the beta.SAM.gov website and 11 offers were received. The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane Division, Crane, Indiana, is the contracting activity. Poole Fire Protection Inc.,* Olathe, Kansas, is awarded an $10,000,000 indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity architect-engineer contract for architect-engineer services for fire protection testing, inspection, studies and surveys at various locations in all areas under the cognizance of Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) Pacific. No task orders are being issued at this time. Work will be performed at various Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force and other government facilities within the NAVFAC Pacific area of operations including, but not limited to Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands (40%); Japan (40%); Australia (10%); and Diego Garcia (10%). The work to be performed provides for the following services final acceptance testing and inspection of all types of installed fire protection systems, fire protection and life safety studies, surveys and water flow testing. The term of the contract is not to exceed 60 months and work is expected to be complete by June 2025. Fiscal 2018 military construction (MILCON) (planning and design) contract funds in the amount of $10,000 are obligated on this award and will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. Future task orders will be primarily funded by MILCON (planning and design). This contract was competitively procured via the Navy Electronic Commerce Online website and four proposals were received. The NAVFAC Pacific, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii, is the contracting activity (N62742-20-D-0005). DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY U.S. Foods Inc., Port Orange, Florida, has been awarded a maximum $28,710,000 fixed-price with economic-price-adjustment, indefinite-quantity contract for full-line food distribution. This was a sole-source acquisition using justification 10 U.S. Code 2304 (c)(1), as stated in Federal Acquisition Regulation 6.302-1. This is a 262-day bridge contract with no option periods. Locations of performance are Florida; Cuba; and the Bahamas, with a Nov. 8, 2020, ordering period end date. Using military services are Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps. Type of appropriation is fiscal 2020 and 2021 defense working capital funds. The contracting agency is the Defense Logistics Agency Troop Support, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SPE300-20-D-3279). Northrop Grumman Systems Corp., Melbourne, Florida, has been awarded a not-to-exceed $26,696,992 undefinitized delivery order (SPRPA1-20-F-M40H) against a five-year basic ordering agreement (SPE4A1-16-G-003Z) for aircraft rotodomes. This was a sole-source acquisition using justification 10 U.S. Code 2304 (c)(1), as stated in Federal Acquisition Regulation 6.302-1. This is a five-year nine-month contract with no option periods. Location of performance is Florida, with a March 31, 2026, performance completion date. Using military service is Navy. Type of appropriation is fiscal 2020 Navy working capital funds. The contracting activity is the Defense Logistics Agency Aviation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Merchants Foodservice, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, has been awarded a maximum $16,160,350 fixed-price with economic-price-adjustment, indefinite-quantity contract for full-line food distribution. This was a sole-source acquisition using justification 10 U.S. Code 2304(c)(1), as stated in Federal Acquisition Regulation 6.302-1. This is a 241-day bridge contract with no option periods. Locations of performance are Louisiana and Mississippi, with a Feb. 21, 2021, ordering period end date. Using military services are Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps. Type of appropriation is fiscal 2020 through 2021 defense working capital funds. The contracting agency is the Defense Logistics Agency Troop Support, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SPE300-20-D-3280). Fort Riley Utility Services Inc., Fort Riley, Kansas, has been awarded a maximum $9,461,376 modification (P00026) to a 50-year contract (SP0600-17-C-8328), with no option periods for water and wastewater utility services at Fort Riley, Kansas. This is a fixed-priced with economic-price-adjustment contract. This modification increases the obligated value from $33,267,059 to $34,393,260. Locations of performance are Kansas and California, with a June 30, 2068, performance completion date. Using military service is Army. Type of appropriation is fiscal 2018 through 2068 Army operations and maintenance funds. The contracting activity is the Defense Logistics Agency Energy, Fort Belvoir, Virginia. International Business Machines Corp., Reston, Virginia, has been awarded a maximum $7,635,577 modification (P00005) exercising the second one-year option period of a one-year base contract (SP4701-18-C-0048) with four one-year option periods for technical and functional services for the Defense Agencies Initiative. This is a firm-fixed-price, cost-plus-incentive-fee contract. Locations of performance are Virginia and other areas in the continental U.S., with a July 31, 2021, performance completion date. Using customer is Defense Logistics Agency. Type of appropriation is fiscal 2020 through 2021 operations and maintenance funds; and research, development, test and evaluation funds. The contracting activity is the Defense Logistics Agency Contracting Services Office, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. American Water Operations and Maintenance LLC, Camden, New Jersey, has been awarded a $15,943,623 modification (P00161) to a 50-year contract (SP0600-08-C-8250) with no options periods for the ownership, operation and maintenance of water and wastewater utility systems at Fort Hood, Texas. This is a fixed‐price with prospective-price-redetermination contract. Locations of performance are New Jersey and Texas, with a Jan. 8, 2059, performance completion date. Using military service is Army. Type of appropriation is fiscal 2019 through 2059 Army operations and maintenance funds. The contracting activity is the Defense Logistics Agency Energy, Fort Belvoir, Virginia. (Awarded June 23, 2020) U.S. SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND Arcticom LLC, Anchorage, Alaska, was awarded an $18,772,155 maximum single award “C” type contract (H92240-20-C-0004) with options included to extend services in support of Naval Special Warfare Command (NSWC) enterprise requirements for NSW Preparatory Course training and support services. Fiscal 2020 operations and maintenance funds in the amount of $3,329,539 are being obligated at the time of award. The work will be performed in Great Lakes, Illinois, and may continue through fiscal 2026 if all options are exercised. The contract was awarded competitively using Federal Acquisition Regulation Part 15 procedures with eight proposals received. NSWC, Coronado, California, is the contracting activity. *Small Business https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2234393/source/GovDelivery/

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