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  • Boeing lands the first order of the F-15EX

    July 14, 2020 | International, Aerospace

    Boeing lands the first order of the F-15EX

    By: Valerie Insinna WASHINGTON — The Air Force has officially placed an order for its first batch of F-15EXs, awarding Boeing a contract on Monday that puts a ceiling value for the entire program close to $23 billion. The first delivery order, which has a not-to-exceed value of about $1.2 billion, covers the first lot of eight F-15EX fighter jets, as well as support and one-time, upfront engineering costs. The contract award is a massive win for Boeing and gives a second life for the F-15 production line in St. Louis, Mo. After years of urging the Air Force to consider an advanced version of the F-15 as a complementary capability to Lockheed Martin's F-35, Boeing found an ally in the Defense Department's Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation office, which in 2019 forced the service to purchase F-15EX planes in order to build capacity. Although Air Force leaders at the time said that the service would have preferred funds to buy additional fifth generation planes like the F-35, officials now say that buying new F-15s is the quickest path for replacing aging Air National Guard F-15C/Ds that are reaching the end of their service lives. “The F-15EX is the most affordable and immediate way to refresh the capacity and update the capabilities provided by our aging F-15C/D fleets,” Gen. Mike Holmes, Air Combat Command commander, said in a statement. “The F-15EX is ready to fight as soon as it comes off the line.” The first two F-15EX aircraft are already being manufactured and will roll off the production line early next year, the company said in a news release. They will initially be based at Eglin Air Force Base, Fla., for testing, with the remaining six aircraft set to be delivered to the base in fiscal year 2023, the Air Force said. Along with the first eight F-15EXs, which were approved in the fiscal year 2020 budget, the Air Force has requested 12 F-15EXs in FY21 and plans to ask for 64 jets from FY22 to FY25. The service could buy as many as 144 aircraft, according to Boeing. The Air Force has not decided which bases will be the first to receive F-15EX jets, with the service adding in its news release that “the Strategic Basing Process is in work to determine the fielding locations for subsequent aircraft lots.” The F-15EX will be a two-seat jet with fly-by-wire controls, the new Eagle Passive Active Warning Survivability System electronic warfare system, an advanced cockpit, and new mission systems. But according to the Air Force, the most significant upgrade comes in the form of an open mission systems architecture that will allow the service to more rapidly update the F-15′s software. Another major advantage of purchasing additional F-15s is the aircraft's payload capacity, which will allow it to carry and launch hypersonic missiles at standoff distances. “The F-15EX is the most advanced version of the F-15 ever built, due in large part to its digital backbone,” said Lori Schneider, Boeing F-15EX program manager. “Its unmatched range, price and best-in-class payload capacity make the F-15EX an attractive choice for the U.S. Air Force.” Monday's announcement follows a firm, fixed-price contract worth up to $101 million that was awarded to General Electric in late June for the first lot of F-15EX engines. Under the contract, GE will provide “F110-GE-129 engines, including installs and spares, and modernized engine monitoring system computers,” the department stated. https://www.defensenews.com/air/2020/07/13/heres-how-much-money-boeing-is-getting-to-build-the-new-f-15ex/

  • Annex B: Overview of long-term funding commitment to Canadian Armed Forces capabilities

    July 14, 2020 | Local, Aerospace, Naval, Land, C4ISR, Security

    Annex B: Overview of long-term funding commitment to Canadian Armed Forces capabilities

    To ensure that the women and men of the Canadian Armed Forces have the capabilities required for Canada to be Strong at home, Secure in North America and Engaged in the world, this policy commits to significant long-term investment. This includes $33.8 billion for 52 critical new capital projects. In addition, the policy provides $74.2 billion for existing assets and previously planned equipment, infrastructure and information technology projects. As part of Strong, Secure, Engaged, these projects underwent a thorough costing review, which resulted in the provision of an additional $5.9 billion over 20 years on top of what had previously been budgeted for these projects, to better reflect their true costs. In total, this new vision for defence provides $108 billion for the development and acquisition of capital equipment over the next 20 years. All of these projects have been costed and the costing methodologies used were independently verified by five external accounting firms. Throughout the process, Defence also worked with costing experts from Deloitte who brought expertise gained from its involvement in recent defence reviews of close Canadian allies. This rigorous and unprecedented process ensures that the vision laid out in this policy is credible and realistic. Table 1 reflects the planned use of the accrual budget over the 20-year horizon of this policy. It is important to note that this table does not represent the total cost of all planned equipment acquisitions. For example, the first new Canadian Surface Combatant is not scheduled to be delivered until 2026, followed by the remaining 14 ships. As these ships have an expected service life of 30 years, much of the accrual costs will be incurred outside the 20 years reflected in the table. Furthermore, as these are 20-year estimates, there needs to be flexibility to adjust the accrual budget to reflect changes in major capital projects. The process to adjust or re-profile these estimates over time is through the investment planning process. Defence will publish the next Defence Investment Plan in 2018. The Defence Investment Plan will include all approved capital projects under the policy and will be updated every three years. This will help ensure that Parliament and Canadians can clearly understand future changes to the budget, and deliver on the Government's commitment to transparency, results, and accountability. Table 1: 20-year accrual and cash view of planned projects and new investments ($ billions) 20-year - Accrual basis 20-Year - Cash basis Capability Investments to fully fund and complete planned projects table 1 note1 New investment Strong, Secure, Engaged table 1 note2 Total planned projects and new investments Total planned projects and new investments Royal Canadian Navy 14.6 2.9 17.5 53.5 Canadian Army 10.1 8.8 18.9 23.2 Royal Canadian Air Force 26.4 20.1 46.4 64.4 Special Operations Forces 1.2 0.4 1.5 1.2 Joint/Emerging Domains 3.4 1.2 4.6 9.7 Infrastructure 4.5 0.4 4.9 12.0 Total Capabilities 60.1 33.8 93.9 164.0 Accrual Expenditure for Existing Equipment and Infrastructure table 1 note3 14.1 - 14.1 - 20 Year Total table 1 note4 74.2 33.8 108.0 164.0 Table 1 Note 1 Strong, Secure, Engaged commits $74.2 billion over 20 years to fully fund 281 projects that were planned, but for which Defence had insufficient funding to acquire. Adequate funding has now been allocated to deliver these core equipment projects. Return to table 1 note1referrer Table 1 Note 2 Strong, Secure, Engaged commits $33.8 billion over the next 20 years to 52 new equipment, infrastructure, and information technology projects for the Canadian Armed Forces. Return to table 1 note2referrer Table 1 Note 3 This amount ($14.1 billion), on an accrual basis, represents previously acquired equipment and infrastructure. As they are already in service, there is no future cash requirement to purchase these assets. Return to table 1 note3referrer Table 1 Note 4 Totals may not add up due to rounding. Return to table 1 note4referrer Below is an overview of capital funding commitments in Strong, Secure, Engaged, described in terms of investments in the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Air Force, Special Operations Forces, Joint Capabilities and Infrastructure. Investment in the Royal Canadian Navy The Government will provide $17.5 billion to fund equipment projects for the Royal Canadian Navy over the next 20 years. This includes: $2.9 billion over the next 20 years for two new equipment investments in the Royal Canadian Navy to replace obsolete components of current systems and improve the Royal Canadian Navy's ability to meet evolving underwater threats. $14.6 billion over the next 20 years to fully fund planned equipment projects. For example, this policy includes sufficient funding to acquire the full complement of 15 Canadian Surface Combatants. It is important to note that Table 1 only captures a 20-year view of the equipment investments committed to in this policy. As the first ship is not scheduled to be delivered until 2026 and the fleet is expected to be in service for 30 years, there will be significant expenditures outside this timeframe. Investment in the Canadian Army The Government will provide $18.9 billion for Canadian Army equipment projects over the next 20 years. This includes: $8.8 billion over the next 20 years for 20 new equipment projects. As examples, this investment will replace existing light and heavy trucks for use in domestic and expeditionary operations. We will also improve the Canadian Army's ability to operate in Canada's North with a new family of Arctic-capable land vehicles, as well as close critical capability gaps such as the Canadian Army's lack of ground-based air defence equipment, which will allow it to defeat threats posed by airborne weapons such as remotely piloted vehicles and aircraft used by potential adversaries. $10.1 billion over the next 20 years to fully fund planned equipment projects. For example, the upgrade of the Light Armoured Vehicle fleet will improve mobility and survivability. Investment in the Royal Canadian Air Force The Government will provide $46.4 billion to fund equipment projects for the Royal Canadian Air Force over the next 20 years. This includes: $20.1 billion over the next 20 years for 17 new equipment projects for the Royal Canadian Air Force. For example, this will deliver a Canadian Multi-Mission Aircraft to replace the CP-140 Aurora Long Range Patrol Aircraft, allowing us to maintain our technological advantage over potential adversaries. Under the Royal Canadian Air Force's responsibility for space capabilities, portions of new investment will expand the Canadian Armed Forces' ability to use space-based assets in support of operations. This includes projects for enhanced communications in the North. $26.4 billion to fully fund planned equipment projects. The new fighter program has been enhanced to ensure the Royal Canadian Air Force can acquire 88 new advanced fighters, which will allow us to deliver on NORAD and NATO commitments without compromise. Investment in Special Operations Forces The Government will provide $1.5 billion to fund equipment projects for Canada's Special Operations Forces over the next 20 years. This includes: $366 million over the next 20 years for four new projects. For example, integrated soldier system equipment will be modernized to enhance interoperability and maintain technological advantage against potential adversaries. $1.2 billion over the next 20 years to fully fund planned equipment projects. As an example, we will acquire an airborne intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance platform that will enhance the ability of our Special Operations Forces to improve their understanding of the operational environment. Investment in joint capabilities The Government will provide $4.6 billion for joint capability projects in domains such as cyber, intelligence as well as joint command and control over the next 20 years. This includes: $1.2 billion over the next 20 years for five new equipment projects and one information technology project. For example, the Combined Joint Intelligence Modernization project will provide a modern deployable intelligence centre for land-based operations, building on the lessons learned in recent operations. Additionally, the Secure Radio Modernization project will upgrade encryption capability of radios to maintain security and interoperability with our Five-Eyes partners. $3.4 billion over the next 20 years to fully fund planned equipment projects. For example, we will improve the capabilities of the Joint Deployable Headquarters and Signals Regiment. This will include the acquisition of portable structures to house the deployed headquarters and the equipment employed by its staff for command, control and communications. Investment in infrastructure The Government will provide $4.9 billion over the next 20 years to infrastructure projects across Canada in order to maintain the necessary portfolio of real property holdings. This includes: $446 million over the next 20 years for three new infrastructure projects. For example, this funding will enable the construction of new buildings to house the expanded and enhanced Canadian Armed Forces Joint Incident Response Unit. This will ensure that the unit is able to provide chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defence support to the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command. $4.5 billion to fully fund planned projects over the next 20 years. https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/corporate/reports-publications/canada-defence-policy/annex-b.html

  • Annex D: Summary of new initiatives

    July 14, 2020 | Local, Aerospace, Naval, Land, C4ISR, Security

    Annex D: Summary of new initiatives

    Canadian Armed Forces core missions At any given time, the Government of Canada can call upon the Canadian Armed Forces to undertake missions for the protection of Canada and Canadians and the maintenance of international peace and stability. This policy ensures the Canadian Armed Forces will be prepared to: Detect, deter and defend against threats to or attacks on Canada; Detect, deter and defend against threats to or attacks on North America in partnership with the United States, including through NORAD; Lead and/or contribute forces to NATO and coalition efforts to deter and defeat adversaries, including terrorists, to support global stability; Lead and/or contribute to international peace operations and stabilization missions with the United Nations, NATO and other multilateral partners; Engage in capacity building to support the security of other nations and their ability to contribute to security abroad; Provide assistance to civil authorities and law enforcement, including counter-terrorism, in support of national security and the security of Canadians abroad; Provide assistance to civil authorities and non-governmental partners in responding to international and domestic disasters or major emergencies; and Conduct search and rescue operations. Concurrent operations This policy ensures the Canadian Armed Forces will be prepared to simultaneously: Defend Canada, including responding concurrently to multiple domestic emergencies in support of civilian authorities; Meet its NORAD obligations, with new capacity in some areas; Meet commitments to NATO Allies under Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty; and Contribute to international peace and stability through: Two sustained deployments of ~500-1500 personnel, including one as a lead nation; One time-limited deployment of ~500-1500 personnel (6-9 months duration); Two sustained deployments of ~100-500 personnel and; Two time-limited deployments (6-9 months) of ~100-500 personnel; One Disaster Assistance Response Team (DART) deployment, with scaleable additional support; and One Non-Combatant Evacuation Operation, with scaleable additional support. Well-supported, diverse, resilient people and families Recruitment, graining and retention To ensure the effective recruitment, training and retention of the future work force, the Defence team will: Reduce significantly the time to enroll in the Canadian Armed Forces by reforming all aspects of military recruiting. Implement a recruitment campaign to promote the unique full- and part-time career opportunities offered by the Canadian Armed Forces, as well as to support key recruitment priorities, including hiring more women, increasing diversity, addressing priority occupations and the requirements of the Reserve Force. Restore the Collège militaire royal in St-Jean as a full degree-granting institution to help prepare the next generation of Canadian Armed Forces leaders. Increase the capacity of the Canadian Armed Forces Leadership and Recruit School, and its supporting organizations, to accommodate the increased number of recruits associated with a larger force size. Develop and implement a comprehensive Canadian Armed Forces Retention Strategy to keep our talented people in uniform with a welcoming and healthy work environment. Undertake a comprehensive review of conditions of service and career paths to allow much more personalized career choices and flexibility. Modernize the Canadian Armed Forces Honours and Awards system to ensure military members' service to Canada is recognized in a more timely and appropriate manner. Implement the first-ever, integrated strategy for human resources to balance the optimal assignment of tasks between the military, defence civilians and the private sector. Provide tax relief for all Canadian Armed Forces members deployed on all named international operations, up to the maximum rate of pay applied to a Lieutenant-Colonel. This would not impact hardship and risk pay or operational allowances regulated by the Military Foreign Service Instructions (MFSI) which will continue. This initiative is retroactive to January 2017. Leveraging Canada's diversity To fully leverage Canada's diversity, the Defence team will: Promote diversity and inclusion as a core institutional value across the Defence team. Appoint a Diversity Champion who will oversee the implementation of all aspects of the Diversity Strategy and Action plan including instituting mandatory diversity training across all phases of professional development. Integrate Gender-Based Analysis – Plus (GBA+) in all defence activities across the Canadian Armed Forces and the Department of National Defence, from the design and implementation of programs and services that support our personnel, to equipment procurement and operational planning. Place a new focus on recruiting and retaining under-represented populations within the Canadian Armed Forces, including but not limited to, women, Indigenous peoples, and members of visible minorities. Aspire to be a leader in gender balance in the military by increasing the representation of women by 1 percent annually over the next 10 years to reach 25 percent of the overall force. Supporting health and resilience To improve the resilience and health of its members, the Canadian Armed Forces will: Augment the Canadian Armed Forces Health System to ensure it meets the unique needs of our personnel with efficient and effective care, anywhere they serve in Canada or abroad. This includes growing the Medical Services Branch by 200 personnel. Implement a joint National Defence and Veterans' Affairs Suicide Prevention Strategy that hires additional mental health professionals and implements a joint framework focused on preventing suicide across the entire military and Veteran community. Remove barriers to care, including creating an environment free from stigma where military members are encouraged to raise health concerns of any nature and seek appropriate help when they need it. Promoting a culture of leadership, respect and honour To eliminate harmful behaviours and ensure a work environment free from harassment and discrimination, the Defence team will: Complete the full implementation of the 10 recommendations of the Deschamps Report through Operation HONOUR. Provide a full range of victim and survivor support services to Canadian Armed Forces members. Deal with harassment complaints in a clear and timely manner by simplifying formal harassment complaint procedures. Be open and transparent with Canadians and members of the Canadian Armed Forces in communicating progress on this important issue. Supporting military families To improve support and services offered for military family members, the Defence team will: Implement teams at Wings and Bases across Canada, in partnership with Military Family Resource Centres, to prevent and respond to gender-based violence. Improve access to psychological services through social workers and referrals to community programs and services. Develop a Comprehensive Military Family Plan to help stabilize family life for Canadian Armed Forces Members and their families who frequently have to relocate. This includes: providing an additional $6 million per year to modernize Military Family Support Programs, such as Military Family Resource Centres, to provide better support to families when members are deploying or during periods of absence; establishing relocation expertise to help military families find and access the services they need in a new community; and working with federal, provincial and private sector partners to improve the coordination of services across provinces to ease the burden of moving. Reinventing transition To better meet the needs of all retiring personnel, including the ill and injured, the Defence team will: Establish a personnel Administration Branch of experts in military human resources and personnel administration to focus and improve military human resource services to all Canadian Armed Forces members. Allocate some of the growth in the Medical Services Branch to support transition care. Create a new Canadian Armed Forces Transition Group that provides support to all members to seamlessly transition to post-military life. This Group, commanded by a General Officer and staffed from experts in human resources and personnel administration, will be approximately 1,200 personnel strong and include specialized staff and holding positions for ill and injured who are preparing to return to duty or transition out of the Canadian Armed Forces. The Group will provide a fully engaged, personalized, guided support to transition all Canadian Armed Forces members, with special care and attention being provided to those who are ill or injured, including those with psychological or critical stress injuries. Ensure that all benefits will be in place before a member transitions to post-military life. Long-Term Investments to Enhance the Canadian Armed Forces' Capabilities and Capacity Investments in the Royal Canadian Navy Long-term investments to enhance the Canadian Armed Forces' capabilities and capacity Investments in the Royal Canadian Navy Recapitalize the surface fleet through the investments in 15 Canadian Surface Combatants and two Joint Support Ships. Acquire five to six Arctic Offshore Patrol Ships. Operate and modernize the four Victoria-class submarines. Acquire new or enhanced naval intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance systems, upgraded armament, and additional systems for current and future platforms allowing for more effective offensive and defensive naval capabilities. Upgrade lightweight torpedoes carried by surface ships, maritime helicopters and maritime patrol aircraft. Investments in the Canadian Army Acquire ground-based air defence systems and associated munitions capable of protecting all land-based force elements from enemy airborne weapons. Modernize weapons effects simulation to better prepare soldiers for combat operations. Replace the family of armoured combat support vehicles, which includes command vehicles, ambulances and mobile repair teams. Modernize the fleet of Improvised Explosive Device Detection and Defeat capabilities. Acquire communications, sustainment, and survivability equipment for the Army light forces, including improved light weight radios and soldier equipment. Upgrade the light armoured vehicle fleet to improve mobility and survivability. Modernize logistics vehicles, heavy engineer equipment and light utility vehicles. Improve the Army's ability to operate in remote regions by investing in modernized communications, shelters, power generation, advanced water purification systems, and equipment for austere environments. Modernize land-based command and control, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance systems. Acquire all-terrain vehicles, snowmobiles and larger tracked semi-amphibious utility vehicles optimized for use in the Arctic environment. Investments in the Royal Canadian Air Force Replace the CF-18 fleet with 88 advanced fighter aircraft to improve Canadian Armed Forces air control and air attack capability. Acquire space capabilities meant to improve situational awareness and targeting, including: replacement of the current RADARSAT system to improve the identification and tracking of threats and improve situational awareness of routine traffic in and through Canadian territory; sensors capable of identifying and tracking debris in space that threatens Canadian and allied space-based systems (surveillance of space); and, space-based systems that will enhance and improve tactical narrow- and wide-band communications globally, including throughout Canada's Arctic region. Acquire new Tactical Integrated Command, Control, and Communications, radio cryptography, and other necessary communications systems. Recapitalize next generation strategic air-to-air tanker-transport capability (CC-150 Polaris replacement). Replace utility transport aircraft (CC-138 Twin Otter replacement). Acquire next generation multi-mission aircraft (CP-140 Aurora maritime patrol aircraft replacement). Invest in medium altitude remotely piloted systems. Modernize short-range air-to-air missiles (fighter aircraft armament). Upgrade air navigation, management, and control systems. Acquire aircrew training systems. Recapitalize or life-extend existing capabilities in advance of the arrival of next generation platforms. Sustain domestic search and rescue capability, to include life extension of existing systems, acquisition of new platforms, and greater integration with internal and external partners. Operationalize the newly acquired Fixed-Wing Search and Rescue aircraft fleet. Investments in Special Operations Forces Acquire airborne ISR platforms. Recapitalize existing commercial pattern, SUV-type armoured vehicles. Modernize and enhance Special Operations Forces Command, Control and Communications information systems, and computer defence networks. Enhance next generation Special Operations Forces integrated soldier system equipment, land mobility, and maritime mobility platforms and fighting vehicle platforms. Increase Special Operations Forces by 605 personnel. Investments in Joint Capabilities Acquire joint command and control systems and equipment, specifically for integrated information technology and communications. Acquire joint signals intelligence capabilities that improve the military's ability to collect and exploit electronic signals intelligence on expeditionary operations. Improve the capabilities of the Joint Deployable Headquarters and Signals Regiment, including the portable structures that house the headquarters when deployed and the equipment employed by that headquarters for command, control and communications. Improve cryptographic capabilities, information operations capabilities, and cyber capabilities to include: cyber security and situational awareness projects, cyber threat identification and response, and the development of military-specific information operations and offensive cyber operations capabilities able to target, exploit, influence and attack in support of military operations. Improve Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive detection and response capabilities. Anticipate Prioritizing joint intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance To enhance its Joint Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance capabilities, the Defence team will: Invest in Joint Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance platforms, including next generation surveillance aircraft, remotely piloted systems, and space-based surveillance assets (see pages 38-40). Integrate existing and future assets into a networked, joint system-of-systems that will enable the flow of information among multiple, interconnected platforms and operational headquarters. Prioritize Arctic Joint Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance as a defence research and development priority to produce innovative solutions to surveillance challenges in the North. Enhancing defence intelligence In order to address the demand for defence intelligence internally, across the Government of Canada, and among our allies, the Defence team will: Establish up to 120 new military intelligence positions, some of which will be filled by Reservists, and add up to 180 new civilian intelligence personnel. Build CFINTCOM's capacity to provide more advanced intelligence support to operations, including through an enhanced ability to forecast flashpoints and emerging threats, and better support next generation platforms, and understand rapid developments in space, cyber and other emerging domains. Establish a Canadian Armed Forces targeting capability to better leverage intelligence capabilities to support military operations. Bolstering academic outreach To enhance its relationship with and derive greater benefit from Canada's rich academic and analytic community, the Defence team will: Increase investment in academic outreach to $4.5 million per year in a revamped and expanded defence engagement program, including: Collaborative networks of experts; A new scholarship program for Masters and Post-Doctoral fellows; and Expansion of the existing expert briefing series and engagement grant program. Adapt A new vision for the Reserve Force To enhance the role and capabilities of the Reserve Force, the Canadian Armed Forces will: Increase the size of the Primary Reserve Force to 30,000 (an increase of 1,500) and dramatically reduce the initial recruitment process from a number of months to a matter of weeks. Assign Reserve Force units and formations new roles that provide full-time capability to the Canadian Armed Forces through part-time service, including: Light Urban Search and Rescue; Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defence; Combat capabilities such as direct fire, mortar and pioneer platoons; Cyber Operators; Intelligence Operators; Naval Security Teams; and Linguists. Enhance existing roles assigned to Reserve Force units and formations, including: Information Operations (including Influence Activities); Combat Support and Combat Service Support; and Air Operations Support Technicians. Employ the Reserve Force to deliver select expeditionary missions in a primary role such as Canadian Armed Forces capacity building. Create an agile service model that supports transition between full- and part-time service and provides the flexibility to cater to differing Reserve career paths. Align Primary Reserve Force remuneration and benefits with those of the Regular Force where the demands of service are similar. Revise annuitant employment regulations to attract and retain more former Regular Force personnel to the Reserves. Offer full-time summer employment to Reservists in their first four years with the Reserves commencing in 2018. Work with partners in the federal government to align Federal Acts governing job professionalization legislation. Subsequently, we will work with provinces and territories to harmonize job protection for Reservists at that level. Space capabilities To adapt to evolving challenges and opportunities in the space domain, the Defence team will: Defend and protect military space capabilities, including by working closely with allies and partners to ensure a coordinated approach to assuring continuous access to the space domain and space assets. Work with partners to promote Canada's national interests on space issues, promote the peaceful use of space and provide leadership in shaping international norms for responsible behavior in space. Invest in and employ a range of space capabilities, including space situational awareness, space-based earth observation and maritime domain awareness, and satellite communications that achieve global coverage, including in the Arctic. (For more detail on Defence investments in space capabilities, please see pages 38-39). Conduct cutting-edge research and development on new space technologies in close collaboration with allies, industry and academia to enhance the resilience of space capabilities and support the Canadian Armed Forces' space capability requirements and missions. Cyber capabilities To better leverage cyber capabilities in support of military operations, the Defence team will: Protect critical military networks and equipment from cyber attack by establishing a new Cyber Mission Assurance Program that will incorporate cyber security requirements into the procurement process. Develop active cyber capabilities and employ them against potential adversaries in support of government-authorized military missions. Grow and enhance the cyber force by creating a new Canadian Armed Forces Cyber Operator occupation to attract Canada's best and brightest talent and significantly increasing the number of military personnel dedicated to cyber functions. Use Reservists with specialized skill-sets to fill elements of the Canadian Armed Forces cyber force. Remotely piloted systems To better leverage the unique benefits associated with remotely piloted systems, the Defence team will: Invest in a range of remotely piloted systems, including an armed aerial system capable of conducting surveillance and precision strikes (For more details on planned investments in remotely piloted systems, please see pages 38-39). Conduct research and development of remotely piloted land, sea and aerial capabilities, in close collaboration with industry and academia. Promote the development of international norms for the appropriate responsible and lawful use of remotely piloted systems, in support of Global Affairs Canada. Improving defence procurement To streamline defence procurement, better meet the needs of the military, and deliver projects in a more timely manner, the Defence team will: Reduce project development and approval time in the Department of National Defence by at least 50 percent for low-risk and low-complexity projects through improved internal coordination, increased delegation, and strengthened approval processes. Work with partners to increase the Department of National Defence's contracting authorities for goods up to $5 million by 2018, allowing over 80 percent of defence procurement contracts to be managed by Defence. Use procurement to incentivize Canadian research and development in important and emerging technological areas. Increase the transparency and timeliness of communication with defence industry associations, including instituting meetings between the Department of National Defence and Canadian industry through the Defence Industry Advisory Group and other fora. Grow and professionalize the defence procurement workforce in order to strengthen the capacity to manage the acquisition and support of today's complex military capabilities. This includes the addition of new procurement specialists and enhanced training and professional accreditation for defence procurement personnel. Provide Canadians with regular updates on major project and programs to increase transparency, communicate challenges and measure performance. Ensure that Canadian environmental standards are adhered to in all procurement projects. Greening defence To ensure it supports the low-carbon government targets outlined in the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy, the Defence team will: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40 percent from the 2005 levels by 2030, including through the following measures: Investing $225 million by 2020 in a wide range of infrastructure projects across Canada to reduce our carbon footprint. Transitioning 20 percent of non-military vehicle fleets to hybrid and electric by 2020. Requiring new construction and major recapitalization projects to meet industry-recognized standards for high performing buildings such as the Silver Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) standard or equivalent. Expanding the use of Energy Performance Contracts to implement energy efficiencies on bases and wings across Canada. Installing electric charging stations at new or retrofitted buildings for personnel to use with defence fleets and/or personal vehicles. Examine alternative energy options and their potential use for operations. Repairing and rebuilding defence infrastructure To modernize the management of the real property portfolio to better serve defence and free up personnel to perform military tasks, the Defence team will: Dispose of underutilized or obsolete buildings. This will improve the efficiency of the infrastructure portfolio, while at the same time help us accelerate the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Improve infrastructure on bases and wings, including housing for Canadian Armed Forces personnel. In doing so, we will explore ways to partner with the private sector and will consult with public sector unions. Innovation for Defence Excellence and Security (IDEaS) To transform defence innovation in Canada, the Defence team will: Invest $1.6 billion over the next 20 years to implement the new Innovation for Defence Excellence and Security (IDEaS) program, including : Creating clusters of defence innovators (academics, industry and other partners) to conduct leading-edge research and development in areas critical to future defence needs. Holding competitions that invite innovators to present viable solutions to specific defence and security challenges. Implementing flexible new procurement mechanisms that allow Defence to develop and test ideas and the ability to follow through on the most promising ones with procurement. Enhancing Arctic capability To enhance the Canadian Armed Forces' ability to operate in the Arctic and adapt to a changed security environment, the Defence team will: Enhance the mobility, reach and footprint of the Canadian Armed Forces in Canada's North to support operations, exercises, and the Canadian Armed Forces' ability to project force into the region. Align the Canadian Air Defence Identification Zone (CADIZ) with our sovereign airspace. Enhance and expand the training and effectiveness of the Canadian Rangers to improve their functional capabilities within the Canadian Armed Forces. Collaborate with the United States on the development of new technologies to improve Arctic surveillance and control, including the renewal of the North Warning System. Conduct joint exercises with Arctic allies and partners and support the strengthening of situational awareness and information sharing in the Arctic, including with NATO. Global defence engagement To ensure the continued security of North America, Defence will: Modernize NORAD to meet existing challenges and evolving threats to North America, taking into account the full range of threats. https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/corporate/reports-publications/canada-defence-policy/annex-d.html

  • Air Force to Add 12 Weapons Systems for AI/ML-Informed Predictive Maintenance This Year

    July 14, 2020 | International, Aerospace

    Air Force to Add 12 Weapons Systems for AI/ML-Informed Predictive Maintenance This Year

    The U.S. Air Force is to add a dozen weapons systems to its Enhanced Reliability Centered Maintenance (ERCM) model that employs artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) for predictive maintenance. Those systems are the Boeing [BA] F-15 fighter, B-52 bomber, RC-135 reconnaissance plane, C-17 transport, and A-10 Thunderbolt II close air support aircraft, the Lockheed Martin [LMT] AC/MC-130 gunships, F-16 fighter, and HH-60 helicopter, the Bell [TXT] and Boeing CV-22 tiltrotor, the Northrop Grumman [NOC] RQ-4 Global Hawk and the General Atomics‘ MQ-9 Reaper. “We have a couple of different initiatives under what we would call the umbrella of predictive maintenance,” Air Force Lt. Gen. Warren Berry, the service's deputy chief of staff for logistics, engineering and force protection, said during a July 9 Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Studies' Aerospace Nation virtual discussion. “One is Condition Based Maintenance Plus [CBM+]. We have three weapons systems in there right now: the C-5, the KC-135, and the B-1. They've been doing it for about 18 to 24 months now, and we're starting to get some real return on what it is that the CBM+ is offering us. The other element is called Enhanced Reliability Centered Maintenance [ERCM], which is really laying that artificial intelligence and machine learning on top of the maintenance information system data that we have today and understanding failure rates and understanding mission characteristics of the aircraft and how they fail, and then laying that into the algorithms that then tell us when parts are likely to fail based on failure rates and the algorithms we plug in.” “We're in the process of adding another 12 weapons systems under the ERCM umbrella this calendar year,” Berry said. Defense Daily has asked Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) for the names of the 12 systems. AI/ML is to assume a significant role in predictive maintenance for the 11 combatant commands (COCOMs). In April last year, the Pentagon said that the new Joint Artificial Intelligence Center (JAIC) had delivered its first product, a predictive Engine Health Model (EHM) maintenance tool for Sikorsky [LMT] Black Hawk helicopters, to U.S. Special Operations Command's 160th Special Operations Regiment (SOAR) for use with SOAR's MH-60 helicopters. JAIC said that its Joint Logistics Mission Initiative (MI), one of six JAIC AI projects, is working “to develop a repeatable, end-to-end AI ecosystem” to bring EHM to scale across the Black Hawk fleet. EHM, developed in partnership with Carnegie Mellon University, “predicts the probability of an engine hot start so decision-makers can consider next steps,” including replacing the engine or holding it back for training missions instead of deployments in high-risk missions, Army Col. Kenneth Kliethermes, JAIC's Joint Logistics MI lead, said in a recent JAIC blog post. Another JAIC mission initiative, the Joint Warfighting MI, “is working with several COCOMs to build, test, and expand its Smart Sensor, a video processing AI prototype that rides on unmanned aerial vehicles and is trained to identify threats and immediately transmit the video of those threats back to manned computer stations for real-time analysis,” according to the JAIC blog post. Army Col. Bradley Boyd, the lead for the Joint Warfighting MI, said that the Smart Sensor could lead to “a dramatic reduction in the amount of data that has to be pushed back for a human to cull through.” “Instead of staring at one video feed and hours and hours of trees and rocks and nothing happening, that person can instead be monitoring 10 video feeds because they are only seeing the stuff that really matters,” Boyd said in the JAIC blog post. https://www.defensedaily.com/air-force-add-12-weapons-systems-ai-ml-informed-predictive-maintenance-year/army/

  • Canada’s Secret Cold War Submarine Drone Is Still Relevant Today

    July 14, 2020 | Local, Aerospace

    Canada’s Secret Cold War Submarine Drone Is Still Relevant Today

    Extra-large autonomous submarines may revolutionize intelligence gathering and espionage under the sea. One of these ground breaking projects is the U.S. Navy's Boeing Orca extra-large uncrewed underwater vehicle (XLUUV). It is much larger than any other underwater drone currently in the water. But there is a historical precursor that, despite its epic Cold War story, is not widely known. And its mission, to lay covert sensor networks in the arctic, may be as relevant today as it was then. During the Cold War, NATO believed that Russian submarines were using the ice cap in the Canadian Arctic as cover to covertly move between the Atlantic and Pacific. So the U.S. and Canada placed a special sonar network there, deep under the ice. Canadian engineers had to build the world's largest autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), Theseus, to lay a cable where ships could not reach. The project started in the 1980s, at a time when Russian submarines were getting much quieter. To listen for them, a joint U.S. and Canadian sonar array was to be placed several hundred miles north of the remote Canadian base at CFS Alert. The array was codenamed Spinnaker, in honor of the bar where scientists made many of the unclassified decisions in the project. This was similar to the now-famous SOSUS (Sound Surveillance System), but used classified technology to match its operational circumstances. In fact it must have been much more advanced than the original SOSUS. Connecting the sonar array to the base would require laying a fiber-optic cable for hundreds of miles under permanent ice cap. The solution was to build the world's largest autonomous underwater vehicle. The uncrewed submarine would swim from an ice hole nearer to the base all the way to the Spinnaker array. As it went the cable would unreel out of the back. Thus ‘Theseus' got its name from the mythical hero of Ancient Greece who trailed thread behind him when he ventured into the labyrinth to fight the Minotaur. When we think of advanced Canadian military projects which were ahead of their time, the Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow springs to mind. That delta-winged Mach-2 fighter flew in the 1950s and was cutting edge technology at the time, one of the all-time great aircraft. But it was cancelled abruptly in 1959 before it could enter service. The Theseus AUV is up there with the Avro Arrow, but less well recognized. And unlike the Arrow, it was used operationally, in one of the boldest projects started during the Cold War. The project had many secret aspects. Years later much of what we know about the project comes from Bruce Butler, one of the core team involved. Bulter has written a book, Into the Labyrinth (on Amazon), and recently talked to the Underwater Technology Podcast about the project. Theseus was 35 feet long and about 4 feet across. In AUV terms this is large, even today. In modern naval terminology it would be categorized as a large-displacement uncrewed underwater vehicle (LDUUV). The Spinnaker sonar system was placed on the sea floor right on the edge of the arctic shelf. It was about 84 degrees north, up in the top right-hand corner of Canada, near to Greenland. Such an advanced project took years to realize, so it was not until spring 1996 when Theseus could go to work laying the cable. The whole operation was pushing the boundaries of uncrewed underwater vehicles at the time. Despite some close calls along the way, Theseus was able to navigate to the Spinnaker, letting out the vital thread as it went. Many details of the project and technology involved are still classified. And we may never know whether Spinnaker ever picked up any Russian submarines. By the time it had been laid the Russian Navy was in steep decline following the end of the Cold War. But with a resurgent Russian Navy today, the relevance of systems like Spinnaker may be greater than ever. And one of the roles which large submarine drones like the Orca might do is lay cables on the sea floor, unseen from above. Historical precedents like Theseaus can help us understand the way that these might be employed, and the challenges that they will face. https://www.forbes.com/sites/hisutton/2020/07/12/canada-secret-cold-war-drone-submarine-is-still-relevant-today/#121a2da51e96

  • Les véritables menaces politiques qui pèsent sur l'industrie d'armement française (3/3)

    July 13, 2020 | International, Aerospace, Naval, Land, C4ISR, Security

    Les véritables menaces politiques qui pèsent sur l'industrie d'armement française (3/3)

    Par Vauban* | 13/07/2020, 8:00 | 3730 mots L'industrie d'armement française, telle qu'elle est actuellement, est en péril : aussi bien dans son organisation nationale, que dans la volonté politique de lancer des coopérations européennes tous azimuts (programmes, alliances industrielles) en passant par les nombreuses entraves dans le domaine des exportations. (*) Par Vauban, un groupe d'une vingtaine de spécialistes des questions de défense. L'industrie d'armement n'échappe pas aux confusions conceptuelles dont les deux premières tribunes se sont déjà faites l'écho : cette dernière tribune souhaite rétablir des faits minorés ou ignorés, souvent de mauvaise foi, sur la place fondamentale de l'industrie d'armement pour la France. Il s'agit moins de rappeler son poids industriel et technologique comme le retour sur investissement qu'il crée dans l'économie, que de lui redonner sa vraie place politique en France, en Europe et dans le monde. En France, l'édification d'arsenaux et de manufactures sous l'Ancien Régime visait déjà à doter l'armée française de ses propres armes afin, d'une part d'éviter la dépendance étrangère et, de l'autre, de disposer des équipements spécifiques dont elle avait besoin : fusil du modèle 1777, pistolet de celui de 1763/66, frégate de 74, systèmes d'artillerie Gribeauval et Vallée. Le besoin actuel demeure identique et est même exacerbé par une armée expéditionnaire, conséquence des choix diplomatiques. Cet axiome de bon sens est cependant souvent perdu de vue : on ne fait bien la guerre qu'avec des équipements qu'on a soit même spécifiés. Le Rafale avec ses équipements et armements est là pour le démontrer. Cette vérité, souvent oubliée dans la folie des coopérations européennes (on y reviendra) ou la frénésie des achats américains, est cruciale, surtout en des temps où les chevaux de Troie modernes peuvent paralyser un système de défense. Indépendance militaire ? Cette vérité est aussi fondatrice : elle a engendré un modèle d'armée indépendant, polyvalent et performant qui est le choix encore assumé de la France ; pour le b'tir, un triptyque bien connu, aux équilibres délicats, a été mis en place depuis 1961 : des armées, qui connaissent leurs besoins, une DGA (direction générale de l'armement), qui traduit ce besoin et l'exprime à une industrie nationale, qui y répond, organisée en champions nationaux : systémiers de la dissuasion (Naval Group et Dassault Aviation) du terrestre (Nexter), des systèmes de missiles (MBDA). Schéma de bon sens, mais qui n'est actuellement suivi, hors club des grandes puissances, que par les nations qui veulent leur indépendance militaire : Israël, la Corée du Sud et la Turquie principalement, les autres nations se contentant d'acheter sur étagères - même avec une part de production locale sous licence - ce que d'autres pays ont conçu. Ce système est actuellement triplement en péril. Structurellement d'abord, parce que la DGA, loin d'être renforcée dans son rôle de conduite des programmes et d'expert technologique - voire de programmes civils tant les ministères civils sont dans l'impéritie totale -, est actuellement croquée pas à pas : on lui a retiré le secrétariat des CIEEMG, puis l'innovation et désormais la stratégie : or, sans ce corps technique compétent d'État, l'armement national a vécu. L'avenir le démontrera. Capitalistiquement ensuite, car l'on voit bien les incohérences d'un État qui multiplie les interférences et les conflits d'intérêt dans la vie de l'industrie d''armement alors qu'aux Etats-Unis, il gouverne par la loi et les commandes publiques et non le capital, ce qui est beaucoup plus efficace. Instituer une concurrence entre Thales, missilier résiduel et MBDA, missilier érigé en champion national sur le domaine sol-air est aussi néfaste que de ne pas trancher enfin le nœud gordien de la participation de Thales dans Naval group, où l'actionnaire est en même temps (toujours ce "en même temps" !) équipementier de son systémier et son concurrent par le truchement de sa filiale néerlandaise...L'État entretient ainsi les rivalités du village gaulois. Conjoncturellement enfin, car la crise actuelle nécessite un plan de relance spécifique à la défense. Puisque la crise est jugée plus sévère que celle de 2008 (qui n'était que financière et non globale), comment expliquer que le plan de relance actuel (833 millions d'euros) est très inférieur à celui de 2009 (2,4 milliards d'euros) ? Plan essentiellement "Airbus", l'ébauche annoncée n'est pas dimensionné aux enjeux : l'amortisseur d'activités que constituent les commandes de défense doit pourtant jouer à plein afin que les sociétés duales touchés par la crise du civil compensent un tant soit peu par la défense les parts de marché perdues, et que les sociétés purement défense trouvent aussi dans la commande d'Etat une activité que l'export atone leur a fait perdre. C'est l'idée du plan de 2009 ; c'est aussi celui du ministère allemand de la défense, qu'on ne peut décemment pas prendre pourtant comme un exemple dans la planification de défense... Il faut donc un plan de relance ambitieux dont les idées-forces politiques sont : l'avancée des hausses budgétaires prévues entre 2023 et 2025 dès la rentrée de septembre et jusqu'en 2022 au moins ; la traduction rapide dans les sociétés : la recapitalisation peu coûteuse des moyens de l'Outre-mer, qui s'offre comme un domaine privilégié et nécessaire compte tenu des menaces qui pèse sur notre souveraineté ultra-marine : allongement de la série de patrouilleurs Outre-mer (6 patrouilleurs ne coûtent que 223,9 millions d'euros) avec production sous licence dans les chantiers nationaux (CMN, Piriou, etc), Falcon Albatros, etc... ; le réarmement en munitions complexes dont les stocks sont notoirement insuffisants. Une coopération européenne élargie ou un cadre bilatéral clair ? L'Europe, ensuite. Pas à pas, l'industrie nationale est entrée dans le "système Goulard", c'est-à-dire une dépendance mutuelle qui aboutit "à privilégier des consortiums dans lesquels les Français ne sont pas toujours leaders" (déclaration de l'éphémère ministre de la défense le 8 juin 2017). Cette doctrine fédéraliste acte la fin du leadership français en Europe sur la seule industrie, qui ne soit pas encore démantelée par l'impéritie de l'État. La feuille de route du 13 juillet 2017 comme l'alliance navale italienne en sont les fruits : à des acteurs mineurs européens dans la Défense sur les plans technologiques et industriels, on donne les clés de secteurs entiers sans qu'une quelconque convergence de doctrine diplomatique et opérationnelle n'ait été réalisée avec les pays en question et sans que la méthode de conduite des programmes n'ait été enfin gommée des défauts structurels de tout programme européen et, sans enfin et surtout, que la parité exigée par nos partenaires soit méritée autrement que par l'habilité des négociateurs politiques. La taille des ensembles industriels sert de mantra aux promoteurs de ce grand bradage ; le problème est que nulle part ailleurs en Europe, on trouve trace de ce raisonnement : Damen, Saab, BAE Systems, Lürssen, GNY-K, Rheinmetall, etc... jouent leurs propres cartes ou la carte de la consolidation nationale ou des partenariats par programme, jamais celle de la fusion européenne. La taille, en outre, ne résout pas les problèmes essentiels de toute industrie : l'innovation technologique, l'agilité du mode de production, la gamme de produits, la compétitivité et l'exportation soutenue par l'Etat. Le nombre d'acteurs, aussi agité comme obligation majeure des consolidations européennes, est un faux argument : les industriels européens croient en la commande publique et en l'exportation et non à un raisonnement malthusien qui voudrait que moins d'acteurs amènent moins de concurrence et donc la survie de la production ; ce raisonnement qui est congénitalement contraire aux lois du marché, même ceux spéciales de la Défense. Tout l'avenir des sociétés réside uniquement dans le soutien de l'Etat par la R&D, la commande publique et le soutien à l'exportation : la Turquie et la Corée du sud en donnent une éclatante démonstration. La faille de ce raisonnement est enfin d'éluder que la coopération européenne n'a jamais fait la démonstration de son utilité et de sa performance. Ce n'est pas l'idée de coopération qui est remise en cause ici, mais la méthode de coopération : pas de contrat de réduction des risques, pas de maître d'œuvre expérimenté, pas de sélection des équipementiers par le systémier, mais un juste retour destructeur qui conduit à des sous-performances, des retards et des surcoûts. Ce qui valait hier pour l'A400M, vaut aujourd'hui pour le futur avion de patrouille maritime... Même Airbus, pourtant promoteur et exemple hier de cette consolidation, vitupère aujourd'hui contre la décision du gouvernement espagnol de sélectionner Indra sistemas, simple équipementier de second rang, comme maître de file des industriels espagnols du SCAF aux dépens d'Airbus, qui, même espagnol, est trop franco-allemand au goût de Madrid... La même politique appliquée au spatial conduit à des dispersions de compétences et des gaspillages industriels et financiers : OHB qui ne savait rien faire, est d'ores et déjà devenu un concurrent d'Airbus et de Thales, parce que Berlin a choisi de le protéger bec et ongles. Il n'y a au fond qu'en France que l'altruisme sert de boussole à la politique industrielle : partout ailleurs, c'est bel et bien le nationalisme industriel qui est lui à l'œuvre : la Suède veut développer seule son avion de combat futur (2020) après avoir fait de même sur les sous-marins (2014) ; l'Italie réfléchit à une alternative nationale ou bilatérale au MGCS, etc ; s'agissant de défense nationale, il n'y a là rien de surprenant ; s'agissant d'industrie, rien de choquant à voir un gouvernement préférer son industrie à celle des autres, mais il est surprenant que les beaux esprits parisiens ne le sachent pas ou feignent, pour le besoin de leurs discours, de l'ignorer. La consolidation européenne est jugée nécessaire enfin face à la concurrence extra-européenne ; là aussi, le raisonnement ignore ou feint d'ignorer que cette concurrence russe, chinoise, turque, sud-coréenne, sud-africaine ou israélienne use d'autres armes que celle de la taille industrielle ou du prix. Cette concurrence organisée bénéficie d'abord du plein soutien de son État en ordre de bataille : déplacements, renseignements et financements sont coordonnés par une volonté ferme de l'Etat. Elle utilise ensuite des armes que la France refuse d'utiliser : désinformation (voir la campagne en Australie contre le contrat français de sous-marin, qui vaut celles, très violentes, contre le Rafale en Inde où le parti du Congrès a été instrumentalisé par un avionneur concurrent) et corruption (qui ose croire que certains contrats récents de concurrents européens aient pu se faire sans cette douceur-là ?). Elle casse enfin les prix car les contrats domestiques sont rentables et réguliers. Face à cette concurrence-là, quelles armes la naïve consolidation européenne lui opposera-t-elle ? Celle du prix ? Aucun programme européen n'est déjà compétitif pour les armées nationales clientes... Aucun des trois arguments des promoteurs du démantèlement de l'industrie nationale au profit d'ensembles européens fédérés et intégrés ne saurait amener les gouvernements à privilégier une quelconque "préférence européenne" à leur souveraineté de choix. La préférence européenne ne se décrète pas : elle se mérite. Or, on l'a vu, les ratés de la coopération européenne n'ont jamais servi de leçon à leurs initiateurs. Pourtant, des expériences négatives du passé, au moins trois s'en dégagent : une convergence des besoins et des spécifications (ce qui sous-entend que les Etats partagent la même vision de la politique de défense), un cadre bilatéral - opérationnel et industriel - favorisant la coopération du maître d'œuvre et de son éco-système, (évitant ainsi la dispersion et les digressions de tiers imposant leurs vues ou leurs industriels) et un financement pluriannuel, lui aussi bilatéral. Aux grands programmes, toujours décevants, les nations sages préfèrent un cadre bilatéral clair, de la conception à la commercialisation. C'est le cas des programmes de missiles franco-britanniques, des programmes navals germano-norvégiens, belgo-néerlandais ; c'est le tort des programmes bilatéraux que de vouloir s'élargir à tout prix au plus vite : SCAF avec l'Espagne, MGCS avec les nations Leopard. C'est enfin le défaut majeur de tous ces projets européens que de ne jamais prévoir un financement garanti donc pluriannuel. Est-il admissible pour la France que le futur de son aviation d'armes soit dans les mains d'une poignée de députés de la commission du budget du Bundestag ? La défense de la France ne se fait pas plus au Bundestag que la politique de la France à la corbeille de la bourse. Exportation, l'un des grands défis pour la souveraineté française close volume_off L'exportation, enfin. Troisième pilier de l'industrie, après la R&D et la commande publique, elle doit être replacée dans son contexte politique puisque l'acte d'exporter depuis 1939 est un acte souverain. Sur le plan doctrinal, l'exportation est l'incarnation de la liberté souveraine que la France entend exercer en commerçant ou non avec tel ou tel pays. Elle envoie ainsi un message politique clair tant au pays à qui elle vend qu'à celui auquel elle ne vend pas ; ce faisant, elle contribue à organiser le marché par divers instruments - traités d'interdiction de tel ou tel système, traité de non-prolifération, embargo - ou bloquer toute régulation contraire à ses intérêts (ou de s'en affranchir). A cet égard, la liberté de commerce de la France dans le domaine des ventes d'armes ne saurait être entravée par l'imposition de règles étrangères : l'imposition des règles américaines - que l'Administration sait contourner et faire contourner à ses industriels, comme la règlementation anti-corruption, les normes technologiques, les embargos - est ainsi un des grands défis posés à la souveraineté de la France, l'une des rares nations occidentales à être le vrai concurrent des Etats-Unis : la rivalité sans merci dans le domaine des avions d'armes et des missiles en est l'illustration complète. Œuvre de pharisiens préoccupés d'affirmer leur vertu tout en cherchant surtout à écraser leurs concurrents, cette normalisation du marché des armes appelle au contraire à un regain de souveraineté. Cette liberté est également à défendre bec et ongles dans le domaine des coopérations que la France entend mener. Il lui faut donc négocier ces coopérations avec des partenaires qui respectent sa souveraineté, en lui laissant une totale liberté d'emploi pour ses propres opérations, et en se laissant la liberté d'exporter les matériels co-développés. En ce sens, la coopération européenne n'est pas la prolongation d'un modèle national d'indépendance mais bel et bien - et c'est là le but recherché par ses auteurs allemands et bruxellois - une dépendance mutuelle qui est à rebours de la conception nationale défendue ici. Cette liberté se niche aussi dans la conception morale du commerce des armes : du moment que les décisions nationales sont prises selon ses règles d'éthique, qui sont celles d'ailleurs que chacun proclame de son côté, il n'y a pas lieu de laisser contester ces décisions au motif qu'elles contreviendraient à l'interprétation publique de circonstance de ces mêmes règles par ses concurrents. Sur le plan opérationnel, cette liberté d'exporter permet ensuite de graduer l'intensité des relations que la France décide d'entretenir avec tel ou tel pays. La géopolitique française - c'est-à-dire sa capacité à profiter de sa géographie, de son Histoire et de ses atouts pour assurer son influence - s'exprime par le type de matériel qu'elle est prête à vendre à un tel pays. La vente d'avions d'armes, de sous-marins conventionnels, de satellites d'observation, de systèmes de radars ou de missiles ou de services sensibles (R&D) inscrit en effet la relation bilatérale dans une longue durée : elle détermine ainsi un ancrage qui vaut au moins pour la durée de vie d'un système (en moyenne 30 ans pour un avion d'armes ; 35 ans pour un sous-marin ; 15 ans pour un système de missile). Cet ancrage durable permet le partage : de doctrine, de formation, de renseignements, d'équipements pour des exercices ou des opérations. La France a ainsi équipé presque intégralement jusqu'à une époque récente des pays-clés pour sa diplomatie comme les Emirats Arabes Unis (EAU) et le Qatar ; elle a été, ou est encore selon, la double source en Arabie Saoudite (pour la défense sol-air, la Marine, la Garde Nationale), à Oman (pour la Garde Royale), en Inde, aux EAU, au Qatar, en Egypte, au Brésil, en Malaisie, etc. La coopération navale avec la Grèce pave la voie à des contrats d'acquisition ou de modernisation face au danger turc. Elle continue à faire partie des rares pays appelés pour des appels d'offres sur des systèmes majeurs (sous-marins en Pologne, Pays-Bas, Indonésie ; avions d'armes et défense sol-air en Suisse, etc), preuve qu'elle pèse encore de manière significative tant sur les plans diplomatique qu'industriel. Sur le plan industriel, l'exportation d'armement est une valeur ajoutée, qui démultiplie la souveraineté. D'abord en France où les flux financiers tirés de l'exportation permettent non seulement à l'Etat de consolider sa planification de défense, d'en retirer des revenus (formation), mais aussi aux industriels de conforter des investissements sur fonds propres pour développer des versions utiles ultérieurement aux armées françaises. Les conséquences sur l'emploi qualifié et non délocalisable sont connues (entre 40 et 50.000 emplois vivant directement de l'exportation, soit 25% environ des emplois du secteur). Elle projette ensuite sur le pays partenaire un modèle français de souveraineté où l'indépendance nationale du pays acheteur est non seulement respectée mais consolidée par un pays vendeur - la France - qui n'émet pas de restrictions d'utilisation dans la mesure où la relation est cadrée par un accord d'Etat à Etat fondé sur le respect de la souveraineté. Le pays n'est plus un client, mais un partenaire qui entre dans la sphère d'influence française lié par un contrat intergouvernemental produisant et permettant des échanges féconds de renseignements et d'expériences. La vente d'avions d'armes en Inde comme celle de sous-marins au Brésil, à l'Inde et à la Malaisie l'illustre. De cette vente d'armes découle bien souvent une relation politique, qui débouche sur de nouvelles opportunités souvent éloignées du secteur de la défense : en ce sens, la fiabilité de la France comme fournisseur de systèmes d'armes trace la voie à d'autres ventes et dans d'autres secteurs stratégiques (énergie, nucléaire, etc). Ce modèle souverain dans la conception, la production et l'exportation d'armement a fait ses preuves. La Turquie et la Corée du Sud et dans une moindre mesure l'Indonésie et l'Inde, suivent en cela l'exemple français : fort taux de R&D, développement de champions nationaux en monopole, structuration de l'offre, promotion organisée sur les marchés de l'armement et accompagnement diplomatique complet des offres de d'armement. L'exportation n'échappe cependant pas à l'ordre naturel des choses : tout bouge et se transforme sans cesse. La position de la France est ainsi forte mais s'érode. Il y a les explications diplomatiques : un alignement des positions nationales sur les positions de ses concurrents (américains), un moralisme aussi inutile que destructeur, absence de déplacements (qui égale les voyages de Jean-Yves Le Drian ?) pour faire du client un partenaire ; il y a les raisons financières : myopie de Bercy, peur des encours trop nombreux sur des pays fragiles (Brésil, Égypte), frilosité des banques sur des pays (Arabie, Indonésie) ou des domaines (drones armés) sensibles ; il y a enfin - et actuellement surtout -, des explications juridiques sous couvert d'une morale douteuse : alors que la France, à la différence de nombreux pays occidentaux, a un système rigoureux de contrôle des exportations, elle se voit accusée de vendre n'importe quoi à n'importe qui et, surtout, de le faire au moyen de la corruption. Le grand combat perdu de l'industrie d'armement (et de l'industrie tout court) aura été celui de la lutte contre la corruption. Face à Transparency International, elle a perdu en effet le combat principal en 2000 avec l'imposition de la convention OCDE qui bannit les "frais commerciaux extérieurs", les criminalise rétroactivement et la pénalise alors que les principaux corrupteurs avaient déjà trouvé la parade (Etats-Unis avec le FCPA de 1977) ou refusaient de signer un texte aussi suicidaire (Afrique du Sud, Israël, Chine, Russie, etc). Depuis 2000, l'industrie subit de plein fouet les effets pervers de procédures stériles, qui sont la ruine de son commerce et la fortune des avocats et consultants spécialisés. Elle subit les procédures inquisitoriales sur ses contacts, consultants, contrats. Elle subit le détournement de ses échanges électroniques vers des serveurs situés à l'étranger. A force d'être pure, elle est épurée ; à force d'être morale, elle perd le moral ; à force de laver plus blanc que ses concurrents, elle sort lessivée. Et ce n'est pas tout : jugée coupable au tribunal de la morale à géométrie variable d'ONG manipulées ou naïves, elle est régulièrement traînée dans la boue dans les media et désormais devant les tribunaux avec l'État. Si l'on doit à la ministre une belle défense des exportations nationales d'armement, on sent que le ver est partout dans le système et détruit des réseaux commerciaux entiers et donc des ventes futures. Alors que l'État parle d'abord de redistribuer une richesse inexistante, l'industrie d'armement démontre qu'il faut d'abord savoir la créer. Donc exporter. Montesquieu ne disait pas autre chose dans l'Esprit des Lois que "Le commerce est la chose du monde la plus utile à l'État". L'armement ne fait pas exception : il faut oser le dire. https://www.latribune.fr/opinions/les-veritables-menaces-qui-pesent-sur-l-industrie-d-armement-francaise-3-3-852610.html

  • GKN Aerospace continues to support the Gripen’s RM12 engine

    July 13, 2020 | International, Aerospace

    GKN Aerospace continues to support the Gripen’s RM12 engine

    GKN Aerospace has signed a follow-on performance based logistics (PBL) contract with the Swedish Armed Forces for the provision of comprehensive support for the GKN Aerospace RM12 engine. The RM12 engine powers the JAS 39 Gripen C/D fighter. This contract follows a series of multi-year RM12 PBL agreements and is expected to be worth approximately USD440M. Under the agreement, GKN Aerospace will continue its support for the day-to-day operations of JAS 39 Gripen C/D users. The company will ensure engine availability for every Swedish Air Force mission as well as for Gripen C/D export customers: the Czech Republic, Hungary and Thailand. This will include the provisioning of technical product support as well as comprehensive maintenance, repair and overhaul including repair development and spare parts supply. Joakim Andersson, president GKN Aerospace Engines said: “We are totally committed to ensuring RM12 engine availability and its secure and safe performance in all operations. At the same time GKN Aerospace closely monitors every aspect of product life cycle cost effectiveness. “With the recognition and award from the customer GKN Aerospace will continue to do its best in keeping this engine's excellent track record, ensuring it is one of the best single engine installations in the world. The company understands the importance of keeping the engine system in active service for many years to come.” The GKN Aerospace RM12 engine has powered the JAS 39 Gripen throughout the approximately 310,000 flight hours this aircraft has already achieved. It is based on the General Electric F404 engine from which it has been developed to include single engine safety criteria, higher performance and greater durability. The primary focus of the development programme for the RM12 engine was to deliver the highest possible operational effectiveness with the most favourable life-cycle cost. GKN Aerospace holds the military type certificate (MTC) for the RM12 engine. www.gknaerospace.com https://www.aero-mag.com/gkn-aerospace-gripen-rm12-08072020/

  • Calspan Awarded DARPA Air Combat Evolution (ACE) Contract

    July 13, 2020 | International, Aerospace

    Calspan Awarded DARPA Air Combat Evolution (ACE) Contract

    July 08, 2020 10:04 ET | Source: Calspan photo-release DARPA ACE Buffalo, New York, July 08, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Calspan Corporation has been awarded a $14.1M, four-year contract by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to develop full-scale air combat experimentation infrastructure for its Air Combat Evolution (ACE) program. The overall focus of ACE is to develop and measure human trust in artificial intelligence (AI). The technologies developed within the ACE program will ultimately enable future pilots to confidently offload some high workload tactical tasks like visual air-to-air engagements so they can better focus on managing the larger battlespace. Under this contract Calspan Flight Research will modify up to four Aero Vodochody L-39 Albatros jet trainers with Calspan's proprietary autonomous fly-by-wire flight control system technology to allow implementation and demonstration of advanced Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) and AI algorithms. Flight tests and demonstrations will be conducted from the Calspan Flight Research Facility at the Niagara Falls, NY, International Airport and flown in the Misty Military Operating Area (MOA) over nearby Lake Ontario. “Calspan is proud of our selection by DARPA to build an airborne air combat experimentation lab for the ACE program,” said Peter Sauer, Calspan President. Louis Knotts, Calspan Owner and CEO added “Since 1947, Calspan has been the world's premier innovator, developer, and operator of in-flight simulators and UAV surrogates. This program presents an outstanding opportunity for Calspan to partner with DARPA for the use of our programmable flight control technology and provide them with a safe and flexible means to flight test these advanced algorithms.” The program will be conducted over three phases of development with Phase 1 beginning immediately. About Calspan For more than 75 years, Calspan has been providing research and testing services in the aviation and transportation industries. Internationally recognized for safety research and innovation, the company's headquarters is located in Buffalo, NY, housing a variety of research and testing facilities, including a transonic wind tunnel, ground vehicle crash testing, dynamic sled testing and research, and tire research and performance testing. Calspan conducts flight testing, flight training, and aircraft modifications in Niagara Falls, NY where they own a fleet of seven airborne testbeds. Calspan also has prototype test device manufacturing capabilities in Newport News, Virginia, as well as force measurement equipment manufacturing capabilities in San Diego, California. For more information about Calspan, please visit http://www.Calspan.com. https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/07/08/2059382/0/en/Calspan-Awarded-DARPA-Air-Combat-Evolution-ACE-Contract.html

  • Aero Montreal supports appeal to the federal government

    July 13, 2020 | Local, Aerospace, Naval, Land, C4ISR, Security

    Aero Montreal supports appeal to the federal government

    Aero Montreal said it fully supports the arguments presented by the Canadian aerospace industry to the federal government and shares its concerns about the lack of support for the sector in Finance Minister Bill Morneau's recent economic update. This new snapshot makes no reference whatsoever to measures that would allow the industry to emerge from the crisis. That is why Aero Montreal is reiterating the importance of implementing a Canada-wide aerospace strategy, with specific measures dedicated to our sector, as soon as possible. By putting the aerospace industry at the heart of economic policies for more than 80 years, both in Quebec and in Canada, governments have succeeded in making aerospace an industry that contributes more than $25 billion to the country's GDP. Amidst the COVID-19 crisis, when other jurisdictions around the world are redoubling their efforts to support their aerospace industry, Quebec is supporting its “champion.” But the Canadian government is still waiting and Canada continues to fall behind on international markets. Aero Montreal is sounding the alarm on behalf of the Québec aerospace industry, which represents 49 per cent of the Canadian aerospace sector's workforce and 57 per cent of its sales. In Canada, research and development is at the heart of the aerospace industry, with an investment of $1.4 billion per year, more than 70 per cent of which is carried out in Quebec. In times of economic recovery, innovation is critical. For example, France is banking on an innovative recovery with a carbon-neutral aircraft. The United States has repeatedly demonstrated its support for the defence sector, allowing for the development of leading edge technologies that can be transferred to commercial aircraft. Canada must, without further delay, continue to invest in this strategic sector to position itself in this race for innovation. In order to succeed, our industry must be able to retain its highly-skilled workforce and prevent the ecosystem from being eroded. “The unprecedented mobilization of all players in the aerospace industry illustrates the intensity of the crisis we are experiencing. Through a collective approach, we are advocating the urgent need for a specific strategy dedicated to our sector that will accelerate the recovery, while emphasizing that this cannot be achieved without the help of the federal government,” said Suzanne M. Benoît, president of Aero Montreal. https://www.skiesmag.com/press-releases/aero-montreal-supports-appeal-to-the-federal-government/

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