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February 18, 2019 | International, Aerospace

Viola Amherd veut toujours les avions de combat

Christine Talos/ats

Suisse: La nouvelle cheffe de l'armée entend poursuivre l'acquisition de nouveaux jets et d'un système de défense sol-air. Mais elle demande un avis externe supplémentaire.

La nouvelle cheffe du département de la Défense, Viola Amherd, ne tire pas un trait sur les futurs avions de combat et le système de défense sol-air de longue portée. Un chantier lancé par son prédecesseur Guy Parmelin. Elle ne veut toutefois pas trancher trop vite.

Dans un communiqué, son département fait savoir que la Valaisanne entend poursuivre l'acquisition de nouveaux jets. Néanmoins, est-il précisé, avant de soumettre au Conseil fédéral une proposition concrète, elle souhaite se faire une «image complète» du projet. Raison pour laquelle elle sollicite un avis externe supplémentaire sur le rapport d'experts «Avenir de la défense aérienne» paru en mai 2017. Elle poursuit par ailleurs les entretiens avec des spécialistes de son département.

Nouvelle analyse des menaces

La ministre demande en outre une nouvelle analyse interne actualisée des menaces pour la comparer aux évaluations précédentes et en tirer toutes les conséquences utiles pour le programme Air2030. Une fois la situation éclaircie, le Conseil fédéral se penchera à nouveau sur le renouvellement des moyens de protection de l'espace aérien. Cela devrait être le cas au cours du premier semestre 2019, précise le département.

Il s'agira de déterminer comment répondre à la demande du Parlement, qui veut que le peuple puisse trancher dès que possible sur le principe de l'acquisition de nouveaux avions de combat. La question devrait être tranchée indépendamment du type d'avion et l'achat s'effectuer dans le cadre du budget de l'armée.

Projet critiqué

L'année dernière, le Conseil fédéral avait opté pour un arrêté de planification pouvant être combattu par référendum. Celui-ci porte sur l'achat de nouveaux jets mais aussi de moyens de défense sol-air de longue portée. Le renouvellement devrait être achevé d'ici à fin 2030.

Plusieurs conditions devraient être remplies. La facture totale ne devrait pas dépasser 8 milliards de francs. Les entreprises étrangères avec lesquelles des contrats seront signés devraient compenser le 100% de la valeur des contrats par des affaires compensatoires en Suisse.

Lors de la consultation, le projet a été diversement accueilli. Le PLR et le PDC l'ont rejeté. Ils ont notamment critiqué l'idée de lier dans un même paquet l'achat de jets et le renouvellement de la défense sol-air.

Les Verts n'apprécient quant à eux pas que l'on se prononce sans connaître encore le type, la quantité ou le coût du matériel qui sera choisi. Pour le PS, les 8 milliards prévus sont trop élevés. La moitié suffirait. L'UDC veut au moins 9 milliards.

Chantier ouvert

Guy Parmelin a laissé le chantier en passant au Département de l'économie. Il n'en a pas moins déjà fixé les exigences pour le nouveau paquet d'acquisitions. Cinq jets seront évalués. De ce côté-ci de l'Atlantique, on retrouve le Gripen E suédois (Saab), le Rafale français (Dassault) et l'européen Eurofighter (Airbus).

S'y ajoutent deux avions américains: le successeur du FA-18, le Super Hornet de Boeing, et le F-35A de Lockheed-Martin. Pour la défense sol-air, trois systèmes sont dans la course: le SAMP/T français (eurosam), l'israélien David's Sling (Rafael) et l'américain Patriot (Raytheon). (nxp)

https://www.24heures.ch/suisse/Viola-Amherd-veut-toujours-les-avions-de-combat/story/29101849

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