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October 1, 2020 | International, Land, C4ISR, Security

https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2020/09/30/en-lituanie-macron-fustige-la-dependance-europeenne-aux-equipements-militaires-americains_6054245_3210.html

Piotr Smolar

Lors de sa visite à Vilnius, le président français a appelé de ses vœux la montée en puissance de capacités européennes autonomes de production de matériels de défense, dans un pays dont la sécurité est d'abord garantie par les Etats-Unis.

La séquence se voulait télégénique. Elle devait aussi illustrer, de façon pratique, la solidarité promue par Emmanuel Macron avec les pays baltes, la prise en compte de leurs préoccupations sécuritaires. Tel était le but recherché par le président français en se rendant, mardi 29 septembre, sur la base militaire de Rukla, en Lituanie. Depuis juillet, 300 militaires français y servent dans un bataillon de l'OTAN sous commandement allemand, dans le cadre de la « présence avancée renforcée » (eFP) de l'Alliance dans les pays baltes et en Pologne. « C'est aussi notre sécurité qui se joue dans ces confins de l'Europe », a noté M. Macron.

Huit pays participent à ce bataillon de 1 200 soldats. La France est la seule à faire des rotations de ses effectifs chaque année entre les pays baltes, depuis 2017. Cette position particulière s'explique notamment par les engagements militaires multiples de la France, qui sollicitent beaucoup ses effectifs, à commencer par le Sahel. Pour Emmanuel Macron, cette visite était tout de même la démonstration de l'engagement inconditionnel de la France aux côtés des Baltes, à la fois Etats-membres et alliés au sein de l'OTAN. Le nom de la menace n'était prononcé par aucun responsable militaire, mais cette opération de l'Alliance, de nature défensive, est clairement organisée pour contrer la Russie.

Contrairement aux attentes, cette visite n'a pas été le principal événement d'actualité militaire, dans le programme chargé du président français. Celui-ci a en effet consacré plusieurs minutes très instructives à la question de la défense européenne, au cours de ses échanges avec des étudiants de l'université de Vilnius. M. Macron a placé son intervention à l'aune de la souveraineté européenne, sa préoccupation centrale dans tous les dossiers-clés. « Nous ne pouvons pas accepter de vivre dans un monde qui serait structuré par un duopole, Chine-Etats-Unis, a-t-il dit. Le risque c'est ça, si nous sommes divisés. Si nous sommes divisés, nous aurons le choix entre la technologie chinoise ou américaine, de choisir l'investissement qui apparaît le plus attractif au moment où on le choisit. Nous serons les vassaux ou de l'un ou de l'autre, avec des incohérences (...) L'Europe ces dernières années a construit un chemin qui n'est pas praticable. »

Le président a appelé à une mise en commun des capacités, des financements et de l'intelligence

Emmanuel Macron a désigné le cyber et le secteur spatial comme deux secteurs essentiels dans lesquels les Européens doivent investir massivement, alors que les acteurs y deviennent « de plus en plus agressifs ». Il a aussi appelé à une mise en commun des capacités, des financements et de l'intelligence, en ne se contentant pas des coopérations, de plus en plus pertinentes, sur un plan opérationnel.

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https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2020/09/30/en-lituanie-macron-fustige-la-dependance-europeenne-aux-equipements-militaires-americains_6054245_3210.html

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