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  October 1, 2018 | International, Aerospace

  RAF, l’Eurofighter en successeur du Tornado !

  La Royal Air Force prépare activement la mise à jour de sa flotte d'avions de combat Eurofighter « Typhoon II » en vue du remplacement du Panavia Tornado GR4. En effet, les dernières unités de « Tornado » devraient être retirées au début de l'année 2019. Project Centurion : Le programme « Poject Centurion » doit permettre à l'avion européen d'égaler la capacité d'attaque au sol du « Tornado » et de la dépasser à terme. Pour remplacer complètement le « Tornado » au sein de la RAF, les « Typhoon II » devront porter les mêmes armes, avec la phase 2 et phase 3 d'amélioration (P2EA et P3EA) qui, à leur tour, constituent la première phase et la deuxième phase du programme « Centurion ». Ils ont été précédés d'un Phase Zero (P1EB ou Phase 1 Enhancement Further Work). La phase zéro a été livrée en décembre 2017, officiellement entrée en service en janvier 2018 et est désormais opérationnelle dans le cadre de l'opération «Shader». La configuration du projet « Centurion » est destinée à combiner la bombe guidée de précision Raytheon Paveway IV déjà livrée avec les missiles « Storm Shadow », « Meteor » et « Brimstone » sur le Typhoon FGR4. L'avion devra prochainement venir remplacer le Panavia Tornado GR4 au début de l'année 2019. Les avions de première phase qui sont livrés ont été équipés de la mise à niveau « Typhoon » Phase 2 Enhancement (P2E) qui comprend le « Meteor » et le « Storm Shadow ». La phase 2 du projet Centurion couvre la mise à niveau de la phase 3 du Typhoon Enhancement (P3E) avec l'arrivée du « Brimstone ». Les essais sont maintenant en cours, la configuration finale du projet « Centurion » devrait être prête pour la fin de 2018. Les appareils concernés font partie de la Tranche 1 (51), la Tranche 2 (67) et environ 10 appareils de la Tranche 3. A noter que 24 Eurofighter de la tranche 1 qui doivent être retenus serviront uniquement à la défense aérienne et ne recevront pas la mise à niveau du projet Centurion. Environ 65 à 75 sorties devraient être enregistrées avant qu'une phase d'évaluation opérationnelle ne commence à au sein de la base aérienne de la RAF de Coningsby dans le Lincolnshire le 10 août prochain. Cela comprendra également des essais de tir complets avec l'arme de précision. D'autres améliorations incluent des mises à jour de l'interface homme / machine du "Typhoon", avec notamment le système de visée monté sur un casque Striker fourni par BAE. Le Storm Shadow : Le SCALP (acronyme de « Système de croisière conventionnel autonome à longue portée »), anciennement « Arme de précision tirée à grande distance », est un missile développé fin 1994 MBDA. La version britannique est baptisée «Storm Shadow». Cette arme est conçue pour frapper l'ennemi dans son territoire profond, quelle que soit la défense aérienne gr'ce à sa furtivité qui le rend indétectable, y compris par les avions radars. Le MBDA Brimstone : Le missile Brimstone air-sol britannique fabriqué par MBDA sur commande de la Royal Air Force. Il est équipé d'un guidage laser et d'un radar millimétrique, ceci afin de le rendre plus efficace contre des cibles mobiles. Le missile Meteor : Le Meteor est prioritairement réservé aux missions d'interception à grande distance, au-delà de la portée optique (BVR) de tout type d'aéronefs. Son utilisation est privilégiée pour les cibles de haute valeur telles que l'attaque à plus de 100 km d'avions radar ou de ravitailleurs. Ce missile va permettre d'assurer une efficacité de destruction à des distances aujourd'hui encore importantes, de l'ordre de 50 Nm (entre la cible et l'avion tireur au moment de l'impact). A cette fin, le système d'arme comporte : Un radar de bord qui fournit des informations précises sur la cible avant le départ du missile, et une liaison de données de type Link16 assurant les mêmes fonctions en retransmettant vers l'avion tireur les informations d'un capteur porté par un autre aéronef. Des systèmes d'identification des cibles à des distances compatibles avec la portée du missile. Une manœuvrabilité suffisante du missile dans toutes les phases de vol, pour toutes les distances de tir, qui doit lui assurer une grande probabilité de destruction des cibles. La propulsion de ce missile est également un défi technologique du fait du concept retenu : celui d'un statoréacteur. Ce statoréacteur à propergol solide et à poussée régulée (Throttleable Ducted Rocket ou TDR) dans sa phase de croisière comporte un accélérateur à poudre intégré dans la chambre de combustion, ce qui permet de donner une impulsion initiale suffisante pour atteindre une vitesse compatible avec le fonctionnement du statoréacteur. http://psk.blog.24heures.ch/archive/2018/09/30/raf-l-eurofighter-en-successeur-du-tornado-866306.html

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  August 29, 2018 | International, Naval

  Navy’s Next Large Surface Combatant Will Draw From DDG-51, DDG-1000 — But Don’t Call it a Destroyer Yet

  By: Megan Eckstein THE PENTAGON – The Navy will buy the first of its Future Surface Combatants in 2023 – a large warship that will be built to support the Arleigh Burke Flight III combat system and will pull elements from the Arleigh Burke-class (DDG-51) and Zumwalt-class (DDG-1000) destroyer designs. The combatant – not dubbed a cruiser, and potentially not dubbed a destroyer either – will be bigger and more expensive than the Arleigh Burke Flight III design and will have more room to grow into for decades to come, the director of surface warfare (OPNAV N96) told USNI News today. Future Surface Combatant refers to a family of systems that includes a large combatant akin to a destroyer, a small combatant like the Littoral Combat Ship or the upcoming frigate program, a large unmanned surface vessel and a medium USV, along with an integrated combat system that will be the common thread linking all the platforms. Navy leadership just recently signed an initial capabilities document for the family of systems, after an effort that began in late 2017 to define what the surface force as a whole would be required to do in the future and therefore how each of the four future platforms could contribute to that overall mission requirement. With the ICD now signed and providing the service with an idea of how many of each platform would be needed in a future fleet and how each would contribute as a sensor, a shooter or a command and control asset, Surface Warfare Director Adm. Ron Boxall and his staff are now able to begin diving into the finer details of what each platform would look like. The first to be tackled is the large combatant, Boxall told USNI News today. He noted the effort would be more like the move from the Ticonderoga-class cruiser to the Arleigh Burke-class destroyer – where the same combat capability was kept, but housed in a more suitable hull – rather than the move from the Spruance-class destroyer to the cruiser, which maintained the same hull design but added in new combat capability. After the addition of the AN/SPY-6(V) Air and Missile Defense Radar (AMDR) to the DDGs' Aegis Combat System to create the Flight III design, Boxall said the resulting warfighting capability is one the Navy can use for years to come. “We have a new capability on that hull now, so everything's going good – except for, as we look towards going further, we know we've maxed out that hull footprint,” Boxall said of the Arleigh Burke-class hull design, power-generation capability and more. “So the key elements that we're looking at in this work we're doing on the requirements side is, keep the requirements about the same as DDG Flight III, but now look at what do we need a new hull to do.” USNI News first reported last month that the large combatant would pair a new hull with the Flight III combat system. The Navy will spend about the next six months having that conversation about what the new hull will need, though he suggested to USNI News that it would need sufficient space to carry helicopters and unmanned systems; it would need to support long-range missiles and weapons; it would have to include command and control systems able to support a staff onboard for air defense or offensive surface capability, much like the cruiser does today with the air defense commander role for a carrier strike group; it may incorporate DDG-1000's signature controls and integrated power system; and it will certainly have to be flexible and modular enough to quickly undergo upgrades and modernizations in the future as new systems are developed that the Navy will want to incorporate into the next block buy of large combatants or back fit fielded ones. Though there has been much speculation about whether the large combatant would use an existing design or a new design, Boxall said there really are no designs out there that meet the Navy's needs without significant modifications. Whereas the ongoing frigate design effort was able to mandate that bidders use mature parent designs, Boxall said “a lot of people in the world make frigates. Not many people make large surface combatants of the size and capability that we need. So we've got to kind of look to our portfolio of blueprints that we have as a starting point, and we'll edit and modify the hull and design things as we go forward.” “I think what you're going to see won't be a huge deviation from things we have already, but at the same point, we are going to be making changes to anything we have” already in the fleet, he added. In a nod towards the idea the next large combatant will share the same combat system as DDG Flight III and will perform much the same role in the fleet, Boxall said the Navy is starting with the DDG-51 Flight III capability development document (CDD); will go through a Large Surface Combatant Requirements Evaluation Team effort with requirements, acquisition and engineering personnel from the Navy and industry; and after six months call the finished product a “modified Flight III CDD.” Once that modified CDD is complete, it will be clearer how much the future large surface combatant will resemble its predecessor and how much it will be a new class of ship – which will likely determine its name. “It is the big question: what do you call the future large surface combatant? I don't know. I don't think you call it a cruiser. I don't think you call it a destroyer. Maybe – I don't know what it is,” Boxall said, noting that he has commanded both a cruiser and destroyer and that they get used in much the same fashion, save for the cruiser's role as the air defense commander ship, which the future large surface combatant will have the capability of doing with its command and control suite. Once the first large combatant is designed and purchased in the 2023 “block” – following the current block-buy of Flight III DDGs from Ingalls Shipbuilding and General Dynamics Bath Iron Works, which spans from Fiscal Years 2018 to 2022 – new blocks will be planned for every five years. As USNI News has reported, this block structure, laid out in a Surface Combatant Capability Evolution Plan, would allow the insertion of new hardware and software in a predictable timeline. This would help researchers and developers in the government and in industry understand when a new capability would have to be matured by to be included in the next block design, and anything not quite ready yet could wait until the next block. This setup is much like the Virginia-class attack submarine's block upgrade approach to adding in new capabilities, and its Acoustic Rapid Commercial-off-the-shelf Insertion (ARCI) process of adding new capabilities in via new construction and back fitting existing subs. However, Boxall noted the surface community had the added challenge of managing this block buy and upgrade effort across four or more types of surface combatants, compared to just one class of attack submarines. Unlike before, when the surface community would undergo a massive planning effort – like the CG(X) cruiser replacement design that ultimately was too expensive and not accepted by the Navy – and then cease planning for many years before undertaking another massive effort, Boxall said he hoped the block upgrades would create a “heartbeat type of effort, where you always have something going on.” https://news.usni.org/2018/08/28/navys-next-large-surface-combatant-will-draw-ddg-51-ddg-1000-dont-call-destroyer

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  May 15, 2018 | International, Aerospace, Naval, C4ISR, Security

  Japan focuses on maritime security in new ocean policy

  Japan approved Tuesday a new ocean policy that highlights maritime security, amid perceived growing threats from North Korea and China, in a reversal from the previous version which focused largely on sea resource development. The ocean program cited threats from North Korea's launching of ballistic missiles, and operations by Chinese vessels around the Japan-controlled and China-claimed Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea. “Amid an increasingly severe maritime situation, the government will come together to protect our territorial waters and interests at sea,” Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said in a meeting of the government panel on ocean policy. The contents of the third Basic Plan on Ocean Policy are expected to be reflected in the government's defense buildup guidelines that are set to be revised in December. Since its first adoption in 2008, the ocean policy has been reviewed every five years. The policy pointed out that the maritime security situation facing the nation is “highly likely to deteriorate, if no measure is taken.” The government also plans to make use of coastal radar equipment, aircraft and vessels from the Self-Defense Forces and the Japan Coast Guard, as well as high-tech optical satellites of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, to strengthen the nation's intelligence gathering abilities. The policy underscores the need for cooperation between the coast guard and the Fisheries Agency to enhance responses to illegal operations by North Korea and fishing vessels from other countries, amid a surge in the number of such cases in the waters surrounding Japan. To ensure sea lane safety, it also stipulates the government's promotion of the “free and open Indo-Pacific” strategy advocated by Abe for maintaining and strengthening a free and open order in the region based on the rule of law. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/05/15/national/politics-diplomacy/japan-focuses-maritime-security-new-ocean-policy