12 février 2020 | International, Aérospatial

Le premier contrat de R&T du SCAF (avion de combat du futur) passe au grill du Bundestag

Par Michel Cabirol

Le premier contrat de Recherche et Technologie du programme SCAF (Système de combat aérien du futur) doit être approuvé mercredi en principe par le Bundestag. Un contrat qui s'élève à 155 millions d'euros au total et financé à parité par la France et l'Allemagne.

Le programme Système de combat d'avion du futur (SCAF) est sur la piste d'envol. Et c'est le Bundestag, le parlement allemand, qui a bizarrement (constitution allemande oblige) le "Go" entre ses mains pour faire décoller ce programme européen (Allemagne, France et Espagne) vital pour la souveraineté européenne. Traversé par les jeux de la politique intérieure allemande et ouvert aux influences industrielles ainsi qu'à une volonté propre de peser sur ces grands programmes franco-allemands, le Bundestag devra donc approuver ou pas mercredi le premier contrat de R&T (Recherche et technologie) du SCAF. Enfin, il ne faut pas non plus négliger le fait que le ministère de la Défense puisse jouer en sous-main avec le Parlement allemand en vue de négocier de nouvelles contreparties avec la France.

Une chose est sure, le SCAF est prévu à l'ordre du jour du Bundestag de mercredi. C'est ce qui a été décidé mais le suspense est garanti jusqu'au tout dernier moment, le dossier pourrait être retiré par le gouvernement de l'ordre du jour si les recommandations du Parlement sur ce contrat donnaient lieu à de nouvelles surenchères. Il y a peu de temps encore, le gouvernement d'Angela Merkel était plutôt confiant sur ce calendrier. "Mais la prudence reste donc de mise", explique-t-on à Paris. Si tout a été négocié aux petits oignons par les étatiques (ministères des Armées et de la Défense) et les industriels, il est encore possible que des jeux politiques internes allemands parasitent le vote du contrat au Bundestag.

"Mesdames et messieurs les parlementaires du Bundestag, votre vote dans quelques jours sur le démonstrateur du SCAF, aura une importance décisive, et enverra un signal politique fort, sur la volonté de nos deux pays de construire l'Europe de la défense", avait lancé à Strasbourg le 5 février la ministre des Armées, Florence Parly en conclusion de son discours devant l'Assemblée parlementaire franco-allemande.

Un contrat signé en décembre en attente du Bundestag

Le travail entre les étatiques français et allemands a été bien fait (tout est parfaitement équilibré dans le programme entre la France et l'Allemagne) et plutôt rapidement. D'autant que le contrat a été déjà signé en décembre par les industriels, qui se sont mis d'accord sur le devis. Un contrat qui sera mis en vigueur bien évidemment sous réserve d'acceptation du Bundestag. Quel est ce dossier qui va passer mercredi au grill des parlementaires allemands ? C'est un contrat de R&T de 155 millions d'euros (soit 148 millions pour la tranche ferme et 7 millions pour la tranche optionnelle), financé à parité par la France et l'Allemagne (77,5 millions d'euros chacun) et d'une durée de 18 mois.

Ce contrat porte sur l'ensemble des cinq piliers du programme (avion, moteur, combat collaboratif connecté, drones et coordination du programme). Il doit faire travailler les industriels ensemble sur les technologies ainsi que sur leur maturation avec l'ambition de développer des démonstrateurs à l'horizon de 2026. Deux dossiers du SCAF (capteurs et furtivité) ont été remis à plus tard. Un premier contrat dit d'études de concept de 65 millions d'euros financé à parité avait signé en janvier 2019 avec une tranche ferme et une tranche optionnelle qui a été affermie fin octobre.

Vers un contrat de démonstrateurs

Ce premier contrat de R&T doit logiquement amener les industriels vers un deuxième contrat plus ambitieux, qui reste encore à définir par la France et l'Allemagne. Il doit être signé entre mi-21 et mi-22 et permettra avec des financements plus importants d'aller encore plus loin dans les travaux communs en vue de réaliser des démonstrateurs, dont notamment l'avion, le moteur, les drones et le combat collaboratif connecté. "Il y aura une stratégie complète de démonstration", souligne-t-on à La Tribune.

Le montant de ce futur contrat devrait s'élever à plus de 1 milliard d'euros au moins. Tout dépendra si la phase de démonstration est saucissonnée en plusieurs tranches comme le voudrait le Bundestag afin de contrôler au plus serré le programme SCAF et donc peser sur le discussions entre la France et l'Allemagne. Au total, l'Allemagne et la France devront mettre plusieurs milliards d'euros. Et là, le programme deviendra irréversible, ce qui affaiblira le pouvoir de nuisance du Bundestag. Mais d'ici là, la course de haies va se poursuivre pour les Français face aux Allemands, qui n'auront de cesse de vouloir se renforcer et acquérir des compétences qu'ils n'ont pas pour devenir la première industrie aérospatiale européenne.

https://www.latribune.fr/entreprises-finance/industrie/aeronautique-defense/le-premier-contrat-de-r-t-du-scaf-avion-de-combat-du-futur-passe-au-grill-du-bundestag-839400.html

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