31 mai 2019 | Local, Aérospatial, Sécurité

What does a DAR do?

Helicopters are pretty awesome devices. Even when you understand the physics of how they work, it's still a wonder that the combination of whirling bits and pieces can result in flight. These magnificent machines put out fires, string powerlines, erect towers, pluck people in distress from mountains, and save countless lives. But here's the thing: a brand new, factory-spec helicopter right off the production line can't do any of those things. Flip through the pages of any issue of Vertical, and in almost every photo, the aircraft has been fitted with some type of special equipment.

A firefighting machine will have a cargo hook for the bucket, a bubble window, an external torque gauge, pulse lights and a mirror. A search-and-rescue aircraft will have a hoist. Air ambulances are filled with lifesaving equipment. And very little of that stuff comes directly from the airframe original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Instead, this equipment is in place thanks to supplemental type certificates (STCs). As the name implies, an STC is required for an installation that supplements the original aircraft type certificate. It needs to meet all of the same requirements as the aircraft that it's installed upon. Therefore, it must undergo the same kind of testing, analysis, and scrutiny that the aircraft does.

How do regulatory authorities ensure that supplementary equipment meets the same standards as the aircraft they're designed to augment? Through people like me.

I am a Transport Canada Design Approval Representative (DAR), also known as a delegate. A DAR does not actually work for Transport Canada, but is delegated to act on its behalf to make findings of compliance in a particular field of specialty — such as structures, avionics, or as a flight test pilot.

To secure an STC, not only must a modification meet the same standards as the original aircraft, but it has to be shown not to degrade the safety of the aircraft. Let's take the firefighting helicopter as an example. The bubble window needs to be strong enough to withstand the aerodynamic loads in flight. In order to verify this, a structural test can be done on a test rig. However, the bubble window protrudes from the aircraft, resulting in extra drag. It could adversely affect how the aircraft behaves, or reduce climb performance, or have an effect on the pitot-static system. These are the sorts of issues that flight testing is meant to uncover.

Similarly, if someone wants to upgrade an old GPS system to the latest and greatest model, testing must be done to ensure that there is no electrical interference between the new unit and any other existing systems on the aircraft.

A big part of the STC process is determining just how you can prove that a modification meets the regulations. Does it need to be tested or is a stress analysis enough? Or is it a combination of the two — or another method entirely? And on top of that, which regulations are applicable? And furthermore, which version of the regulations needs to be applied? The rules for the Airbus H125, for example, are not the same as for the Bell 429. It's the role of the DAR (with concurrence from the regulator, in my case Transport Canada) to make these kinds of determinations.

While the STC process is technically uniform, the scope can vary widely from one project to another. Changing a seat cushion or changing an engine type can both be STCs. The execution of a project can take many forms, and is dependent on a huge number of factors, including the DAR, the project scope, the resources available, and the end user.

In my current role, I work largely on my own. The process typically begins with me submitting an application to open the project with Transport Canada. I prepare the documents and drawings, and witness and document any required testing. Then I compile it all and submit it to Transport Canada. Through all this, I will rely
heavily on the end user to provide their insight and expertise — and their facilities. After all, it's their aircraft, and they are the ones who will ultimately be installing, using, and maintaining the STC kit — so it has to make sense to them. Whenever possible, I will have documents and drawings reviewed by the maintenance team to make sure that theory and reality align.

Becoming a delegate

How does someone become a delegate? In Canada, it begins with an educational requirement. You must have an engineering degree, or have, in the opinion of Transport Canada, equivalent experience. In other words, if someone has many years of applicable experience, they can be eligible to be a delegate, even if they do not have an engineering degree.

A prospective delegate must also successfully complete the Aircraft Certification Specialty Course. This is a two-week intensive course that covers the ins and outs of aircraft certification: type certification, STCs, Change Product Rule and so on. And yes, there are exams!

Next is a one-year working relationship with Transport Canada. The process for becoming a delegate is not uniform, with the one-year timeline more of a guideline than a rule. In my case, it took less than 12 months. Prior to beginning my process, I had the good fortune of working for a talented delegate for many years. He taught me how it “should be done.” I was given the opportunity to fly at 170 knots indicated airspeed in AStars pointed at the ground during flight tests; I snapped bolts while piling steel plates onto structures during structural tests; and I wrote numerous
supporting reports for many kinds of STCs for many different aircraft types. My mentor is a (sometimes maddeningly) meticulous guy. Everything we did was thorough and correct. So, by the time I was presenting my own work to Transport Canada, it was evident that I already had a pretty firm grasp on the process. As a result, my delegation was granted before a full year.

During the period while I was building my relationship with Transport Canada, my friends would ask if I had to accomplish certain specified milestones or achieve specific “levels.” The short answer is: not really. In fact, it's about building trust. It's almost counter-intuitive that in an industry with such strict regulations, granting delegation to someone is, to a large degree, based on a “warm, fuzzy feeling.”

Ultimately, Transport Canada must have confidence in the delegate. Let's face it, we are in a business with tight schedules and high price tags. There can be a lot of pressure, financial or otherwise, to meet deadlines — and things can go wrong. Parts can fail under ultimate loading during a structural test. That cursed Velcro can fail the flammability test. And when these things happen, it can be the delegate that incurs the wrath of the angry operator who really needs to get his aircraft flying. Transport Canada must have the confidence that not only does the delegate have the technical knowledge and ability, but that they have the intestinal fortitude to stand firm under what can sometimes be difficult circumstances.

There's the somewhat cynical axiom that the only way for an aircraft to be 100 percent safe is to never let it fly. I have heard many tales of woe and misery about people's dealings with Transport Canada and how the regulator was being “unreasonable” about X, Y, or Z. I'm of the opinion that these instances often stem from poor communication — on both sides. This is another area where the DAR can help.

The DAR often acts as a liaison (or translator) between the operator and Transport Canada. Operators don't necessarily spend that much time studying design regulations. And similarly, Transport Canada engineers may not be fully familiar with the day-to-day challenges and obligations of aircraft operations. As a DAR, I speak the same language as Transport Canada. But I also spend a great deal of time in hangars, so I am also fluent in “aircraft operator.” This level of bilingualism can alleviate misunderstandings. And with a little strategic communication, everyone involved can be satisfied a lot sooner.

Not surprisingly, communication and open dialogue between the DAR and the regulator is just as crucial. It has been my experience that Transport Canada wants to help get projects completed. They are aviation geeks, just like the rest of us, and they want to “Git ‘er done.” Because I have developed a solid relationship with Transport Canada, if ever I find myself struggling with something, I can call them and ask for guidance. Obviously it's not their job to fix the issue for me, but they are there to help. Whether they point me at an Advisory Circular that I wasn't aware of, or they draw from their own experience, 99 times out of 100, talking it through with them yields a solution very quickly.

We all want to keep aircraft flying — safely. And we all have our different roles to play. As a DAR, I enjoy being the go-between for the regulatory world and the operational world. The challenge of getting them to work and play nicely together can be pretty fun — and a big part of accomplishing that goal requires earned trust and open communication.

https://www.verticalmag.com/features/what-does-a-dar-do/

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23 janvier 2019 | Local, Terrestre

Le gouvernement inaugure un nouveau manège militaire pour la Réserve de l’Armée de terre d’Halifax
Le 23 janvier 2019 – Halifax (Nouvelle‑Écosse) – Défense nationale/Forces armées canadiennes Comme le prévoit la politique de défense du Canada Protection, Sécurité, Engagement, le gouvernement investit dans des projets d'infrastructure de la Défense modernes, fonctionnels et écologiques afin de répondre aux besoins changeants de nos forces armées. Aujourd'hui, Mme Bernadette Jordan, ministre du Développement économique rural et M. Andy Fillmore, secrétaire parlementaire du ministre du Patrimoine canadien et du Multiculturalisme, au nom du ministre de la Défense nationale Harjit S. Sajjan, ont participé à la cérémonie d'inauguration du nouveau manège militaire de Willow Park à Halifax. Ce projet évalué à 55,2 millions de dollars a été achevé selon l'échéancier et en deçà du budget établi et a procuré des avantages économiques importants à la communauté locale d'Halifax, créant quelque 250 emplois pendant la phase des travaux. Ce nouveau manège militaire d'une superficie de 8 574 m2 abritera trois unités de la Réserve de l'Armée de terre à Halifax : le 36e Bataillon des services, le 36e Régiment des transmissions et la 33e Ambulance de campagne. Il leur fournira des locaux administratifs et de formation modernes, des aires d'entreposage et d'entretien de l'équipement, des aires de mess communes, une vaste salle d'exercices et un b'timent d'entreposage extérieur pour les véhicules militaires. Gr'ce à ce nouveau b'timent, ces unités disposeront de l'espace et des installations nécessaires à l'exécution d'exercices opérationnels et d'entraînement essentiels tout en ayant l'espace nécessaire en vue de leur croissance future. Citations « Dans le cadre de la politique Protection, Sécurité, Engagement, notre gouvernement investit afin de soutenir une Force de réserve solide, moderne et compétente. Ce nouveau manège militaire fournira aux membres des unités de la Réserve de l'Armée de terre d'Halifax l'infrastructure fonctionnelle et écologique dont ils ont besoin pour effectuer leur important travail au pays et à l'étranger, tout en soutenant leur croissance continue. » Harjit S. Sajjan, ministre de la Défense nationale « Des hommes et des femmes sont au cœur de la réussite opérationnelle de nos forces armées. En investissant dans une nouvelle installation pour ces trois unités de la Réserve, nous faisons notre part pour soutenir leur bien‑être, tout en veillant à ce qu'ils aient les moyens nécessaires pour appuyer les opérations et l'instruction qui leur sont essentielles. » Mme Bernadette Jordan, ministre du Développement économique rural « L'ouverture de ce nouveau manège militaire représente une étape importante pour la communauté locale d'Halifax. En plus de soutenir directement l'important travail de nos Forces armées canadiennes, cette nouvelle installation a été construite avec comme objectif d'optimiser l'efficacité environnementale, contribuant ainsi à réduire notre empreinte carbone afin de rendre le Canada plus propre et écologique. » M. Andy Fillmore, secrétaire parlementaire du ministre du Patrimoine canadien et du Multiculturalisme Faits en bref Cette nouvelle installation sera utilisée par trois unités de la Réserve de l'Armée de terre, soit le 36e Bataillon des services, le 36e Régiment des transmissions et la 33e Ambulance de campagne. Des contrats ont été attribués à deux entreprises à Bedford, en N.‑É., pour ce projet. Bird Design-Build Construction Inc. a obtenu le contrat pour la conception et la construction du nouveau manège militaire ainsi que pour la démolition de deux b'timents désuets. Dexter Construction Company Ltd. s'est vu accorder un contrat pour la démolition d'un troisième b'timent désuet. Le nouveau manège militaire, dont les travaux de construction se sont achevés en août 2018, a été conçu en respectant les critères de la certification LEED® (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) de niveau « Argent », et intègre des concepts de b'timents écologiques afin de minimiser son empreinte. L'infrastructure écologique permettra à la Défense de réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre provenant de ses b'timents et de ses véhicules non militaires de 40 p. 100 (par rapport aux niveaux établis en 2005) d'ici 2030, et appuie le nouvel objectif fédéral de réduction des émissions de 80 p. 100 d'ici 2050. https://www.canada.ca/fr/ministere-defense-nationale/nouvelles/2019/01/le-gouvernement-inaugure-un-nouveau-manege-militaire-pour-la-reserve-de-larmee-de-terre-dhalifax.html
21 juillet 2020 | Local, Aérospatial

Un nouveau logiciel montréalais au cœur des avions
La hausse fulgurante de la complexité du développement de logiciels pour les avions a expliqué beaucoup de retards et de dépassements de coûts au cours des dernières années. Une entreprise montréalaise, Mannarino, s'y attaque en présentant cette semaine un nouveau système d'exploitation qui pourrait réduire les coûts de moitié. Publié le 21 juillet 2020 à 8h00 Spécialisée en services informatiques, principalement dans le domaine aéronautique, depuis 20 ans, l'entreprise a reçu il y a deux ans un investissement de 10 millions de dollars US provenant de Lockheed Martin afin de concevoir un nouveau système d'exploitation en temps réel (RTOS) à partir d'une page blanche. Le résultat est apparu lundi, jour d'ouverture de la version virtuelle du Salon aéronautique de Farnborough, qui aurait dû avoir lieu cette semaine en banlieue de Londres. Au cours des années, Mannarino a conçu sur commande des logiciels pour le contrôle des moteurs, la gestion de vol, les communications ou le réapprovisionnement en carburant en vol, par exemple. Chaque fois, elle était limitée par la vétusté des systèmes d'exploitation employés. Le système d'exploitation est le logiciel maître, auquel font appel les autres applications, un peu comme Windows dans un ordinateur ou iOS dans un iPhone. Les exigences envers un système installé à bord d'un appareil sont toutefois nettement plus élevées en termes de fiabilité, ce qui en multiplie les coûts. « Le principal commentaire que l'on recevait de nos clients, c'était que ces systèmes étaient trop chers », explique John Mannarino, fondateur de l'entreprise. « Nous essayons de réduire les coûts de 50 %. » Comme ces systèmes n'étaient pas conçus spécialement pour l'aéronautique, et que les volumes sont relativement faibles dans cette industrie, les clients se plaignaient aussi de la pauvre qualité du service qu'ils recevaient, affirme M. Mannarino. Système plus rapide et moins gourmand En partant d'une page blanche, l'entreprise a conçu un système qu'elle estime être deux fois plus rapide et moins gourmand de moitié en mémoire. Il pourra être employé sur tous les types d'appareils, des avions commerciaux aux hélicoptères militaires, en passant par les avions d'affaires et les drones de taille suffisante pour nécessiter une certification. L'un des marchés pour lesquels on anticipe la plus forte demande est celui des drones. John Mannarino, président de Mannarino Les clients principaux du nouveau logiciel seront vraisemblablement des fabricants d'avionique, dont Lockheed Martin. Le géant américain a fourni 10 millions US dans le cadre du programme de contreparties mis en place par le gouvernement fédéral. En vertu de ce programme, les contrats militaires obtenus par des entreprises étrangères doivent faire l'objet de contreparties équivalentes dans l'industrie locale. De l'entente avec Mannarino, Lockheed Martin n'obtient rien de plus que des crédits lui permettant de combler les exigences de ce programme, assure M. Mannarino. Elle n'est pas propriétaire du logiciel et ne détient aucun droit sur lui. Des discussions sont toutefois en cours pour faire de Lockheed Martin un client. Bien que l'entreprise entende d'abord se concentrer sur le marché aéronautique, dans lequel elle a le plus d'expertise, son système d'exploitation sera éventuellement aussi offert dans d'autres industries, dont la santé et le transport ferroviaire, ou même pour des applications industrielles. https://www.lapresse.ca/affaires/entreprises/2020-07-21/un-nouveau-logiciel-montrealais-au-coeur-des-avions.php
1 mai 2019 | Local, Naval, Sécurité

Government of Canada awards contract to Chantier Davie for refit of Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker and unveils names of interim icebreakers
LÉVIS, QC, April 30, 2019 /CNW/ - Icebreaking is a key factor in ensuring the safe and efficient movement of people and goods on Canadian waterways, and helps contribute to year-round shipping and economic growth. That is why the Government of Canada is committed to providing the Canadian Coast Guard with the equipment it needs to ensure these waterways are kept safe and open for business. The Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard, the Honourable Jonathan Wilkinson, and the Minister of Public Services and Procurement and Accessibility, the Honourable Carla Qualtrough, announced today that Chantier Davie of Lévis, Quebec, was awarded a contract of $7,198,164.30 for the dry-dock refit of the CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent, Canada's largest icebreaker. The scheduled refit of the CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent will ensure the Canadian Coast Guard continues to provide critical icebreaking and other marine services effectively. This contract was awarded on April 15, 2019following an Advanced Contract Award Notice issued on November 16, 2018. Minister Wilkinson also announced the names of the two interim icebreakers currently undergoing conversion work at Chantier Davie; CCGS Jean Goodwill and CCGS Vincent Massey. These ships will be available to support Coast Guard programs by late 2019 and summer 2020, respectively. In December 2018, the Canadian Coast Guard accepted the first of three interim icebreakers which were acquired to supplement its existing fleet during vessel life extension and repair periods. CCGS Jean Goodwill takes its name from one of the founding members of the Aboriginal Nurses Association of Canada and contemporary champion of public health services for Indigenous people. CCGS Vincent Massey, is named after the first Canadian appointed to the post of Governor General, which until then was occupied by British born individuals. The Right Honourable Vincent Massey was appointed Governor General on the recommendation of then Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent. CCGS Jean Goodwill and CCGS Vincent Massey will be part of the national Coast Guard fleet which carries out icebreaking duties in Atlantic Canada, the St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes, and Arctic regions. CCGS Jean Goodwill's homeport will be in Halifax, NS, and CCGS Vincent Massey in Quebec City, QC. Quotes "The refit of CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent is an important part of the planned maintenance of the Coast Guard's icebreaking fleet. Regular maintenance helps ensure our largest vessel is ready to provide essential icebreaking services to Canadians, especially in the Arctic where shipping escorts are essential to resupplying northern communities. Furthermore, we look forward to welcoming CCGS Jean Goodwill and CCGS Vincent Massey to the fleet to help support the Coast Guard with the essential work they do in Canadian waters." The Honourable Jonathan Wilkinson Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard "Canadians from coast to coast to coast rely on the Canadian Coast Guard to protect their coastlines and their livelihoods. This contract will ensure the men and women of the Canadian Coast Guard are properly equipped to do their important work, while also helping sustain good middle-class jobs at the Davie Shipyard." The Honourable Carla Qualtrough Minister of Public Services and Procurement and Accessibility "Our government's contract award to Davie Shipyard is a testament to the exceptional expertise of the shipbuilding workers in our region. Their internationally recognized expertise and professionalism will continue to be put to work for the benefit of the Canadian Coast Guard, the safety of our waterways and our economy." The Honourable Jean-Yves Duclos Member of Parliament for Québec Quick Facts The CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent is Canada's largest icebreaker, homeported in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. Icebreakers are crucial to Coast Guard services, vital to the safety of mariners, the protection of coastal waters, resupply of northern communities and the orderly flow of commerce through Canadian waters. The award of this contract follows an Advance Contract Award Notice (ACAN), which was issued on November 16, 2018 and closed on December 4, 2018. The ACAN process helps to ensure a fair, open, and transparent procurement process, by allowing any interested supplier to demonstrate how it could meet the requirements of the ACAN. As of December 2018, the value of the work awarded under the repair, refit and maintenance portion of the National Shipbuilding Strategy (NSS) is now over $4.5B.This includes $1.56B in contracts awarded to Quebec shipyards under the NSS. On December 14, 2018, the Canadian Coast Guard accepted the first of three interim icebreakers being converted by Chantier Davie as part of a $610-million contract awarded in August 2018. The three icebreakers were acquired to supplement the Coast Guard's existing fleet during vessel life extension and repair periods, providing continuous on-water capability during scheduled maintenance periods. In accordance with the Canadian Coast Guard ship naming policy, CCGS Jean Goodwill and CCGS Vincent Massey were named to honour Canadian leaders who made significant contributions to Canada. Associated Links Canadian Coast Guard's new icebreakers National Shipbuilding Strategy Canadian Coast Guard Navigation Officer Program Stay Connected Follow the Canadian Coast Guard on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and YouTube. Subscribe to receive our news releases and more via RSS feeds. For more information or to subscribe, visit http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/media/rss-eng.htm. SOURCE Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Canada For further information: Jocelyn Lubczuk, Press Secretary, Office of the Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard, 343-548-7863, Jocelyn.lubczuk@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; Media Relations, Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard, 613-990-7537, Media.xncr@dfo-mpo.gc.ca https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/government-of-canada-awards-contract-to-chantier-davie-for-refit-of-canadian-coast-guard-icebreaker-and-unveils-names-of-interim-icebreakers-857320833.html

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