US issues declaration on responsible use of AI in the military

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  16 septembre 2019 | International, Aérospatial

  Belgique : Les retombées du contrat F-35 commencent à se concrétiser

  Par Olivier Gosset Trois accords industriels lient désormais des entreprises de notre pays à Lockheed Martin. Paradoxe du contrat belge: des filiales de groupes français devraient monter à bord du programme F-35. Près d'un an après la décision du gouvernement belge d'acquérir 34 appareils de combat américains F-35, l'industrie aéronautique belge commence à apercevoir les premiers bénéfices de cette commande. Trois accords industriels ont en effet été conclus par le groupe américain de défense Lockheed Martin avec des entreprises belges dans le cadre de potentielles retombées économiques liées à ce contrat de 3,8 milliards, a indiqué lundi un responsable de Lockheed, Yung Le. Le groupe Sabca, présent dans les trois Régions du pays et la société bruxelloise Ilias Solutions, spécialisée dans les logiciels logistiques, ont chacun signé dimanche un accord de coopération industrielle avec le géant américain. Une initiative qui leur donne un ticket d'entrée pour rejoindre le programme F-35. Les accords signés ne sont pas encore des contrats en bonne et due forme. Mais ils permettent aux entreprises retenues de se positionner en tant que fournisseurs potentiels de Lockheed, de ses filiales et de ses partenaires. L'accord avec Ilias Solution semble néanmoins le plus avancé, puisque son directeur général, Jean-Pierre Wildschut, a indiqué que son entreprise pouvait espérer conclure des contrats avec Lockheed Martin à hauteur de 5 millions de dollars par an, soit une croissance de 15 à 20% au cours des cinq prochaines années. Ilias Solution, qui a débuté ses activités dans la foulée du contrat du F-16, espère que cet accord avec LM ouvrira la voie à d'autres missions au service des flottes d'autres pays, pour les F-35 et éventuellement d'autres plateformes. L'accord conclu avec la Sabca porte quant à lui sur des systèmes d'actionnement (servo-commandes), une compétence que le constructeur belge, qui fournit des actuateurs pour les lanceurs spatiaux européens, aimerait développer dans le secteur de l'aviation (lire ci-dessous). Des projets complexes En juin, Sabena Aerospace (Zaventem), spécialisée dans la maintenance aéronautique, avait obtenu de Lockheed Martin la prolongation pour dix ans de son statut de centre de service agréé pour l'entretien et la mise à niveau des avions de transport C-130 Hercules, eux aussi contruits par le groupe américain. À cela, a rappelé Yung Le, il faut ajouter un contrat concret accordé il y a deux ans à Asco – soit avant la décision belge d'opter pour le F-35 – par Fokker Technologies, une entreprise néerlandaise appartenant au groupe britannique GKN Aerospace, pour la fourniture d'ailerons haute vitesse pour le F-35. "Nous voulons accélérer ces accords" avec d'autres entreprises car dès qu'ils sont conclus, l'industrie belge peut travailler sur le programme F-35, a ajouté Yung Le, en rappelant qu'environ 35 projets de coopération avaient été identifiés dans le cadre de la préservation des "intérêts essentiels de sécurité" invoqués par la Belgique pour obtenir des retombées économiques liées à l'achat du F-35. "Certains de ces projets sont simples, d'autres complexes. Certains concernent des petites entreprises, d'autres des grandes", a commenté le responsable américain, conscient de l'impatience des industriels belges. L'un des gros contrats attendus concerne Sabca, Sonaca et Asco. Les trois poids lourds belges du secteur sont associés pour tenter de décrocher la fabrication de volets horizontaux mobiles à l'arrière du F-35. "Mais jusqu'ici, on n'a aucune idée de combien de pièces il pourrait s'agir, ni à partir de quand", déplore un responsable d'une des trois entreprises concernées. De son côté, Safran Aero Boosters, la filiale liégeoise du motoriste français Safran, est engagée dans une dynamique similaire avec Pratt & Whitney, fabricant du moteur F135 qui équipe le chasseur américain. Les deux entreprises ont également signé ces derniers jours un accord actant leur intention de formaliser des opportunités de collaboration – sans les nommer – sur le moteur F135. Paradoxe du contrat belge, des sociétés faisant partie de groupes français (Sabca appartient encore pour l'instant à Dassault, qui souhaite le revendre) devraient donc monter prochainement à bord du programme F-35, grand rival du Rafale construit par nos voisins du sud... https://www.lecho.be/entreprises/aviation/les-retombees-du-contrat-f-35-commencent-a-se-concretiser/10162821.html

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  5 février 2020 | International, Aérospatial

  Britain receives first ‘Poseidon’ aircraft in bid to restore submarine-hunting muscle

  By: Andrew Chuter LONDON – The British on Tuesday began to restore their once-formidable capabilities for maritime patrol with the arrival to the Royal Air Force base at Kinloss, Scotland, of the first of a fleet of Boeing P-8A Poseidon jets. Flown by a crew from the RAF's CXX Squadron, the first of nine P-8A's, ordered by the British in 2016 at a cost of £3 billion ($3.9 billion), arrived pretty much on cue at the Kinloss base that will be its temporary home until infrastructure and other work at its permanent base at Lossiemouth is completed later this year. A recent tweet RAF tweet said the aircraft had already operated some tactical missions. Doug Barry, the senior air analyst at the International Institute for Strategic Studies think tank in London, says the aircraft landing in Scotland is a big moment for the Royal Air Force. “The arrival of the first P-8A is symbolic in that it marks the UK beginning to get back into the fixed-wing anti-submarine warfare business after a gap of a decade,” he said. The British are scheduled to ramp up their P-8A numbers rapidly as a resurgence in Russian submarine activity continues to challenge Western resources in the sector. A second aircraft is due to arrive at Lossiemouth by the end of March, three further P-8A's will be handed over by the end of the year with the four remaining machines all due to arrive by the fourth quarter of 2021. Full operating capability is scheduled for 2024. The aircraft are known as Poseidon MRA Mk1 in RAF service. Late last year, commenting on Russian nuclear submarine activity, top US Navy officer Adm. James Foggo, commander of US Naval Forces Europe and Africa, reported 2019 as being “one of the busiest years that I can remember, and I've been doing this since 1983.” First Sea Lord Adm. Tony Radakin said: “The arrival of the first Poseidon marks a significant upgrade in the UK's ability to conduct anti-submarine operations. This will give the UK the ability to conduct long-range patrols and integrate seamlessly with our NATO allies to provide a world-leading capability.” In co-operation with the US sea service and the Royal Norwegian Air Force, who have purchased five P-8A's, the RAF will attempt to plug any gaps in anti-submarine defenses in the North Atlantic. One of the British P-8A's main tasks will be to provide cover for Royal Navy Trident missile submarines emerging and returning to their base at Faslane in Scotland. Barrie said that for the last decade the “UK has had to look elsewhere to support the deployment of its strategic deterrent to try to ensure there was no unwanted company.” The US, France, Canada and others have all had to step in at times to provide reconnaissance and other capabilities to help glug the hole in British fixed-wing, anti-submarine defenses caused when a government strategic defence and security review in 2010 controversially cancelled the MRA4 program without looking to purchase a replacement. The British have sought to retain their maritime patrol skills over the last few years by placing aircrew and operators with allies like the United States. The new aircraft entered service with the RAF late last year but the platform has until now been based at the Jacksonville, Florida, naval air station where British crew training is taking place ahead of eventually transitioning to Lossiemouth. Training and simulation facilities are part of a new £132 million ($171 million) infrastructure project at Lossiemouth jointly funded by the MoD and Boeing, which is scheduled for completion later this year. Flight operations and planning, maintenance, crew rooms and space for three aircraft will also be included in the facility. More than 200 Boeing employees will be permanently based on the base. Some £470 million ($612 mission) in total is being invested in Lossiemouth, which is also home to part of the Typhoon fighter fleet, upgrading runways, building a new air traffic tower and other improvements. https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2020/02/04/britain-receives-first-poseidon-aircraft-in-bid-to-restore-submarine-hunting-muscle

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  14 avril 2020 | International, Naval

  US Navy should turn to unmanned systems to track and destroy submarines

  By: Bryan Clark Anti-submarine warfare, or ASW, is one of a navy's most difficult missions. Sonars detect submarines with only a fraction of the range and precision possible using radars or visual sensors against ships above the water. Submarines can carry missiles able to hit targets hundreds of miles away, requiring searches to cover potentially vast areas. And the torpedoes that aircraft and surface ships use to sink submarines need to be dropped right on the submarine to have any chance of sinking it. These challenges led the Cold War-era U.S. Navy to rely on a sequential approach for tracking enemy submarines. Electronic or visual intelligence sources would report when an opposing sub was leaving port, and it would hopefully get picked up by sound surveillance, or SOSUS — sonar arrays on the sea floor — as it entered chokepoints, like that between Iceland and the United Kingdom. Patrol aircraft would then attempt to track the submarine using sonar-equipped buoys, or sonobuoys, and eventually turn it over to a U.S. nuclear attack submarine, or SSN, for long-term trail. The U.S. ASW model broke down, however, in the decades following the Cold War as U.S. submarine and patrol aircraft fleets shrank, the Chinese submarine fleet grew, and Russian submarines became quieter. Today, the U.S. Navy devotes enormous effort to tracking each modern Russian submarine in the western Atlantic. During the 2000s, the strategy of full-spectrum ASW started an essential shift in goals, from being able to sink submarines when needed to being able to defeat submarines by preventing them from accomplishing their mission. Full-spectrum ASW and other current concepts, however, still rely on aircraft, ships and submarines for sensing, tracking and attacking enemy submarines to bottle them up near their own coasts or sink them in the open ocean. Although SOSUS has improved since the Cold War and is joined by a family of new deployable seabed arrays, the next link in the U.S. ASW chain is still a P-8A Poseidon patrol aircraft, an Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer, or a U.S. SSN. These platforms are in short supply around the world, cost hundreds of millions to billions of dollars to buy and cost hundreds of thousands of dollars a day to operate. With defense budgets flattening and likely to decrease in a post-COVID-19 environment, the U.S. Navy cannot afford to continue playing “little kid soccer” in ASW, with multiple aircraft or ships converging to track and destroy submarines before they can get within missile range of targets like aircraft carriers or bases ashore. The Navy should instead increase the use of unmanned systems in ASW across the board, which cost a fraction to buy and operate compared to their manned counterparts. Unmanned aircraft could deploy sonobuoys or stationary sonar arrays, and unmanned undersea or surface vehicles could tow passive sonar arrays. Unmanned surface vehicles could also deploy low-frequency active sonars like those carried by U.S. undersea surveillance ships that can detect or drive off submarines from dozens of miles away. Although autonomous platforms will not have the onboard operators of a destroyer or patrol aircraft, improved processing is enabling small autonomous sensors to rapidly identify contacts of interest. Line-of-sight or satellite communications can connect unmanned vehicles and sensors with operators ashore or on manned ASW platforms. A significant shortfall of today's ASW concepts is “closing the kill chain” by attacking enemy submarines. Air- or surface-launched weapons have short ranges and small warheads that reduce their ability to sink a submarine, but their cost and size prevents them from being purchased and fielded in large numbers. Unmanned systems could address this shortfall in concert with a new approach to ASW that suppresses enemy submarines rather than destroying them. During World War II and the Cold War, allied navies largely kept submarines at bay through aggressive tracking and harassing attacks, or by forcing opposing SSNs to protect ballistic missile submarines. The modern version of submarine suppression would include overt sensing operations combined with frequent torpedo or depth-bomb attacks. Although unmanned vehicles frequently launch lethal weapons today under human supervision, the small weapons that would be most useful for submarine suppression could be carried in operationally relevant numbers by medium-altitude, long-endurance UAVs or medium unmanned surface vessels. Moreover, the large number and long endurance of unmanned vehicles would enable the tracking and suppressing of many submarines over a wide area at lower risk than using patrol aircraft or destroyers. Today the U.S. Navy uses unmanned systems in ASW primarily to detect submarines. To affordably conduct peacetime surveillance and effectively defeat submarines in wartime, the Navy should increase the role of unmanned systems. Using manned platforms to conduct command and control, and unmanned vehicles to track, deter and engage submarines, could significantly reduce the costs of ASW operations and enable the Navy to scale its ASW efforts to match the growing threat posed by submarine fleets. Bryan Clark is a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute. He is an expert in naval operations, electronic warfare, autonomous systems, military competitions and war gaming. https://www.defensenews.com/opinion/commentary/2020/04/13/us-navy-should-turn-to-unmanned-systems-to-track-and-destroy-submarines/