SPAWAR inks lucrative contract

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  19 janvier 2021 | International, Aérospatial

  Key Upgrades Mark 2021 As Turnaround Year For KC-46A

  Guy Norris As progress accelerates on a key visual system redesign, a wing refueling pod certification and the hopes for more international sales, Boeing believes its troubled KC-46A tanker program has finally turned a corner. Marking a shift away from more than three years of delays, challenges and frustration for the U.S. Air Force, the program's brighter outlook builds on two agreements announced between Boeing and the service last April. The first covered the redesign and retrofit of a fully compliant boom operator remote vision system (RVS), at no cost to the government, while the second released $882 million of withheld payments to Boeing for previous noncompliance in 33 KC-46A deliveries. “That was a real turning point, and it's been extremely collaborative since then,” says Boeing KC-46A Vice President and General Manager Jamie Burgess. “That's really been cultivated by the agreement that we reached on the new RVS system,” he says, acknowledging the change to the relationship with the Air Force. “For a while, we were at a bit of an impasse in terms of what needed to be done to address the Air Force's concerns. There's a lot of hard work left to go, but it's been a really long relationship now,” he adds. Boeing is working on a two-phase approach to correct the well-documented RVS deficiencies that were revealed during flight tests. These defects mostly center on the oversensitivity of the aft-looking camera system to direct sunlight, which led to image issues in the hybrid 2D-3D video feed to the boom operator. “The first phase is really just intended to address that distortion piece of it, and that's primarily a software change that's being implemented now,” Burgess says. The fix, dubbed the enhanced RVS, “digitally addresses the distortion around the edges of the picture,” he adds. The fix will also make viewing the system “more comfortable for the operator when looking through the 3D glasses,” says Sean Martin, KC-46A global sales and marketing leader, referring to the stereoscopic eyewear required for the system. “It makes the image more like what they are used to seeing in real life.” The second phase, and the subject of the Air Force agreement, is RVS 2.0. Described by Burgess as “a full technological refresh of the system,” the revised package will include new cameras, new displays, a light-detection and ranging (lidar) system and all new supporting computing infrastructure. The redesigned aerial-refueling operator station will feature much larger 40-in. displays compared with the current 24-in. screens, giving the position “much more of a kind of home theater feel to it,” Burgess says. The image will remain in 3D but will be presented in color and 4K resolution. The Air Force has also opted for a collimated mirror projection method over an LCD option, “so we are working with them to mature that design,” the manufacturer adds. In collaboration with the Air Force, Boeing completed the RVS 2.0 system readiness review in December and remains on track to hold the preliminary design review in the second quarter. The system is due to be fielded around late 2023 or early 2024. The redesign will also be provisioned for semi-autonomous or autonomous aerial refueling (AAR), satisfying a long-term capability vision of both the Air Force and Boeing. “The computing-system upgrade will be able to handle the processing for future automation,” Burgess says. “In parallel, we're working toward developing all of the computing algorithms that will be required to track the receiver [aircraft] using machine-learning-type software. We will feed that into our boom control laws, so that it can go find the receptacle on that receiver,” he adds, referring to the KC-46A's fly-by-wire controlled boom. The algorithm development work builds on the company's long-running collaboration with the Air Force Research Laboratory on autonomous refueling as well as other related efforts, such as the unmanned MQ-25 tanker for the U.S. Navy. “We have a lab now where we're developing those algorithms that we can move into KC-46 when the Air Force has a requirement for it,” Martin says. “We want to bring the capability to them, but we haven't received a requirement from them that says they need that. But we're working on it, and we're committed to it.” Boeing says the end is also in sight for another issue that has overshadowed the tanker development: the long-delayed certification of the Cobham-developed wing air-refueling pods (WARP). The wing-mounted pods, along with a centerline station, form part of the tanker's hose-and-drogue system, which can deliver up to 400 gal. of fuel per minute, compared with 1,200 gal. per minute for the boom. All KC-46As are provisioned at delivery to carry the pods, but in line with Boeing's initial decision to pursue both military and civil certification for the tanker and its systems, the aircraft cannot be operationally equipped with the system until the FAA approves the WARPs. The pods performed well during flight testing, but “the FAA has required a tremendous amount of testing in order to certify them,” Burgess says. “Similar pods have flown for years on other military aircraft, but they have never been FAA-certified.” Although Cobham seriously underestimated how much work would be required for FAA certification, Burgess says: “We're at the very end of that testing and are just about done.” FAA approval is expected for the pod by the end of the first quarter. Previously, all certification work related to pods was concerned with ensuring that carriage of such systems was safe and would not affect the control and safe landing of the aircraft. “Now we had to look at certifying it to operate, so all the components—such as the ram air turbine on the front of the pod—had to be cleared for safe use,” Martin adds. “That's been the challenge for them, and they've done a great job stepping up to it.” Another ongoing area of modification is revising a valve for the boom actuation system to correct a refueling issue specific to the Fairchild Republic A-10 attack aircraft. “The boom flies down and telescopes out to connect with the receiver aircraft, which pushes the boom up into a nominal refueling position,” Burgess says. At altitude, the A-10 with wing stores was only able to generate a force of about 650-lb. thrust resistance compared with the international standard of 1,400 lb. to which the boom was designed. “We're changing the actuation system to make it just require less force to push it up,” Burgess says. “That's currently going through the critical design review with the Air Force.” He adds that the first qualification units are now being assembled. “We're also building up for a big full-scale lab test, and so that's well underway.” Boeing is also preparing to design, develop and test a secure communications system, dubbed the Pegasus Combat Capability Block 1 upgrade, and expects to receive a contract for the enhancement package this year. The Air Force is studying which elements to include in the upgrade, and that puts the KC-46A on a path to play a potentially wider role as a battlespace communications node. But Boeing adds that a wing-mounted, podded, radio-frequency countermeasures system is not currently in the Block 1 suite. With 42 tankers delivered by the end of 2020 and the firm orderbook bolstered by a $1.6 billion contract for the sixth production lot covering an additional 12 aircraft, Boeing is focused on maintaining a smooth assembly flow despite the disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic. The process includes rigorous new quality controls introduced after a series of discoveries of foreign object contamination caused the Air Force to temporarily suspend accepting the aircraft in April 2019. “It's no secret that we realized that we had an issue as far as foreign object debris [FOD] on airplanes,” Burgess says. “We stopped the production line, and we stopped deliveries for a while and put in place a number of controls. There's a whole lot of work that goes on in the factory around what we call ‘clean as you go.' At the end of the shift, there is a cleanup to make sure that the airplanes that roll out of the factory are perfectly clean.” The decontamination focus continues when airframes are rolled from the factory into the nearby Everett Modification Center, where all the military equipment is installed. “We do a complete FOD sweep of the airplane when it enters and again when it leaves to go to the delivery center,” Burgess says. “The aircraft delivering today are very clean. It's been a big cultural shift for the program.” Production is currently split roughly evenly between commercial 767-300F freighters and KC-46A variants—a divide that sustains the line at about three airframes per month. With the latest order, confirmed on Jan. 12, Boeing is now on contract for 79 tankers out of an intended total of 179. The firm orderbook is expected to grow again to 94 when the Air Force awards the next contract for a further 15 aircraft under production Lot 7, which legislators approved in December. Although program delays held up initial deliveries to the Air Force until January 2019, Burgess says the subsequent flow of operational aircraft to four bases marks an unprecedented pace for any recent modern weapons system. “I'm not aware of any other major military program that's done this,” he adds. “We delivered 28 in 2019. We'll do 14 this year.” Boeing maintains the flexibility to introduce slots into the production skyline for international sales, the first of which is to Japan. The aircraft, the first of four that the Japan Self-Defense Force has ordered, is due to make its first flight sometime this quarter. The U.S. Congress has also approved the sale of eight aircraft to Israel, and Boeing is pursuing other prospects in Southwest Asia and the Middle East, particularly in Qatar. https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/aircraft-propulsion/key-upgrades-mark-2021-turnaround-year-kc-46a

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  2 décembre 2019 | International, Aérospatial

  Gripen E/F le dernier appareil suédois ?

  Yannick Smaldore Il y a douze ans, Saab annonçait la production du Gripen Demo, un démonstrateur technologique représentatif d'une nouvelle génération de chasseurs légers Gripen que le constructeur suédois entendait lancer tant sur le marché domestique qu'à l'exportation. Après un parcours parfois mouvementé, la dernière mouture de l'avion, le Gripen E/F, s'apprête à être livrée à ses deux clients. L'occasion pour DSI de revenir sur l'unique programme de chasseur de nouvelle génération actuellement en développement en Europe. En avril 2008, sur le site de Linköping, en Suède, Saab dévoile le Gripen Demo, adapté d'une cellule de Gripen D et première étape vers la prochaine génération de chasseurs légers de l'avionneur suédois. Si l'avion se rapproche extérieurement d'un Gripen biplace standard, un œil averti distingue rapidement des différences loin d'être anodines. Gripen NG, un nouvel ancien avion Le train d'atterrissage principal, qui se rétracte habituellement sous le fuselage, a été déplacé dans des logements conformes sous la voilure, permettant d'installer trois points d'emport ventraux au lieu d'un, mais aussi de combler les anciens logements de roues par des réservoirs internes supplémentaires. Les entrées d'air sont également agrandies afin d'alimenter un unique moteur F414 de General Electric, évolution 20 % plus puissante du F404 produit sous licence par Volvo pour le Gripen de base. Pour sa prochaine itération du Gripen, l'avionneur suédois propose d'intégrer dans cette cellule élargie ce qui se fait de mieux en matière de capteurs et de systèmes de combat. Le tout en respectant une enveloppe budgétaire extrêmement réduite (1) et un calendrier très serré, et en gardant comme ambition de redéfinir complètement la gestion des programmes aéronautiques militaires, rien de moins. Et une décennie plus tard, malgré quelques revers, Saab pourrait bien être en passe de tenir (presque) toutes ses promesses avec son Gripen NG (2). En 2011, la Suisse annonce son intention de commander 22 Gripen NG, ouvrant la voie à une commande de 60 exemplaires de la part de la Flygvapnet suédoise, et aux crédits de développement associés. En 2014, c'est au tour du Brésil de passer une commande ferme pour 36 appareils. Mais le programme connaît un premier coup dur, une votation populaire conduisant la Suisse à annuler sa commande d'avions de combat, ce qui force Saab à ralentir sensiblement son calendrier de développement. Avec plus d'un an de retard, en mai 2016, le premier Gripen E de présérie est dévoilé à la presse et montre immédiatement le paradoxe de ce nouvel appareil : à part une cellule plus longue de 50 cm et quelques différences extérieures, le futur de l'aviation de combat tel qu'annoncé par Saab ressemble à s'y méprendre au Gripen originel. Et pourtant, les évolutions techniques, numériques, conceptuelles et managériales sont bien là, discrètes, mais indispensables à la réussite du programme. Le Gripen E/F sur le plan technique Conserver une cellule pratiquement inchangée découle d'un choix stratégique de la part de Saab qui ne dispose pas des ressources pour développer une toute nouvelle plate-forme, et qui estime que les avancées en matière de capteurs et de travail collaboratif intra-patrouille rendent caduque la furtivité passive des avions dits de cinquième génération. Son Gripen étant déjà relativement discret et bien né, il est décidé d'en conserver l'aérodynamisme autant que possible. Avec une masse maximale passée de 14 t à 16,5 t, un emport en carburant interne augmenté de 40 % et la capacité d'emporter de nouveaux réservoirs externes plus volumineux, le Gripen NG ambitionne toutefois de s'extraire de la catégorie des chasseurs de défense légers pour marcher sur les plates-bandes des biréacteurs médians. Par rapport au Gripen C/D, les Gripen E/F voient l'intégralité de leurs systèmes évoluer vers des équipements de dernière génération. En matière de capteurs, Saab a principalement fait appel à Selex‑ES, depuis intégré à Leonardo. Ce dernier fournit le radar Raven ES‑05, variante du Vixen 1000E. Équipé d'une antenne AESA combinée à un repositionneur mécanique, le Raven possède une ouverture de 200°, contre 140° habituellement pour les radars AESA à antenne fixe. Une telle configuration permet théoriquement de continuer à illuminer une cible alors que le Gripen se trouve sur un vecteur d'éloignement, une capacité qui pourrait donc être exploitée en combat aérien à longue portée. L'IFF Mode 5 intégré au bloc radar est doté d'antennes latérales, afin de garantir une identification de la cible sur l'ensemble du champ d'action du radar, et une optronique infrarouge Skyward‑G est implantée au-dessus du radar. Cet IRST constituerait alors le principal outil de détection contre des cibles furtives. Radar, IRST et IFF sont enfin conçus pour travailler de manière collaborative, chaque équipement contribuant à construire une situation tactique unique que le pilote consulte sur son très large affichage principal, composé d'un unique écran tactile WAD (Wild Aera Display). Comme souvent avec les productions suédoises, le Gripen E/F devrait aussi se démarquer du marché par son équipement de communication et de guerre électronique. En plus des radios tactiques numériques et d'une antenne SATCOM, qui s'imposent de manière standard sur les nouveaux avions de combat, Saab propose plusieurs solutions de liaisons de données, notamment la L‑16 compatible OTAN, mais aussi son Link-TAU à grande bande passante. Fonctionnant en bande UHF, il permet aux Gripen d'une même patrouille d'échanger des données à longue distance et, dans un avenir proche, de fusionner les données issues de leurs capteurs respectifs pour affiner la qualification des pistes et la situation tactique. Pour la guerre électronique, Saab propose son système à large bande MFS-EW, dernière évolution de sa gamme AREXIS. Typique de l'état de l'art en la matière, ce système multifonction est basé sur des antennes AESA en nitrure de gallium (GaN) réparties sur la dérive et au niveau des rails lance-missiles. AREXIS s'appuie largement sur l'usage de systèmes de brouillage à mémoire de fréquence radio numérique, ou DRFM, qui analysent le signal radar adverse et émettent une onde retour modifiée. De quoi tromper l'ennemi sur sa position, sa nature ou sa vitesse, voire de disparaître complètement de certains écrans radars, en théorie. Si de tels systèmes se rencontrent déjà aujourd'hui, notamment sur le Rafale ou sur l'EA‑18G Growler, le Gripen NG innoverait par la capacité de traitement de signal offerte de ses calculateurs, sa capacité d'attaque électronique intégrée, mais aussi par la présence du système BriteCloud de Leonardo, un petit brouilleur DRFM éjecté par les lance-leurres de l'avion et spécifiquement conçu pour tromper les missiles assaillants. https://www.areion24.news/2019/11/29/gripen-e-f-le-dernier-appareil-suedois%E2%80%89/

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  31 juillet 2018 | International, Aérospatial

  Boeing’s new F-15X may replace an aging fleet of F-15C/D Eagles

  By: Kyle Rempfer The Air Force's fleet of F-15 C and D Eagle fighters are aging faster than F-35 joint strike fighters are being fielded, a gap in the transition that some think needs to be filled. And even when more F-35s have been fielded, F-15s could still fill a tactical role to help the Air Force carry out its mission. Boeing's new, single-seat F-15X design may be the Air Force's answer to that issue. Very little has been made known about the F-15X initiative, which was first reported by Defense One, and the Air Force's Pentagon officials could not provide comment on it, only telling Air Force Times that “there is no acquisition program” with respect to the new platform. But multiple media outlets still reported this week that the F-15X was being pitched to the Air Force by Boeing. Alternatively, some reports state that the Air Force first solicited Boeing for the new fighter. Regardless, the possibility of a new platform to replace aging the fourth-generation F-15 fighters could alleviate the strain put on F-22 Raptors and make up for the F-35s slow roll-out. Created during the Cold War, the more than 40-year-old F-15 has been the U.S. Air Force's primary air-to-air fighter jet for decades. The aircraft has been known for its range of operational roles, however, to include close-air support in the Global War on Terrorism. Dan Grazier, the Jack Shanahan Military Fellow at the Project On Government Oversight, writes extensively on military procurement, to include the F-35 acquisition. He said that while he can't comment on the specific designs of the F-15X, it is generally better to develop weapon systems from “an evolutionary approach.” “Whenever the military possesses a proven basic design like the F-15, the Pentagon should focus its efforts on maintaining and improving it until the state of technology changes to the point where the basic design is no longer viable,” Grazier told Air Force Times. “Until that happens, there is no reason to continually reinvent the wheel. If it is possible to incorporate improved technology into a design that has already been bought and paid for, then it only makes financial and common sense to do so.” “There will doubtless be arguments made that the unit flyaway costs of the F-15X and F-35 will be roughly comparable," he said. "When you factor in the development costs of both into the program unit average cost, I bet the F-15X will be much less expensive.” While the F-35 is a supposed to be a multi-role aircraft — capable of a stealth mode, as well as an air-to-ground combat mode once air dominance is achieved — it has been questioned whether the F-35 can outperform an F-15 in an air-to-air dogfight, or an A-10 Warthog in close-air support missions. As to what the F-15X includes that separates it from older F-15s, not too much is definitively known. Citing sources close to the initiative, The War Zone reported the most extensive breakdown so far. The F-15X reportedly came out of an Air Force inquiry to Boeing and Lockheed Martin about fielding an aircraft that could easily transition into the service's existing air combat infrastructure, specifically to help counter the Air Force's shrinking force. There were some caveats to the solicitation: it needs to be cost-effective, low-risk and not considered an alternative to the larger F-35 procurement program, The War Zone reported. It seems those requirements were met, based on the reported features. The F-15X armament would be designed for a mixed air-to-air and air-ground-role, including “eight air-to-air missiles and 28 Small Diameter Bombs (SDBs), or up to seven 2,000-pound bombs and eight air-to-air missiles," according to The War Zone. The F-15X would allegedly be very affordable, as well. The aircraft reportedly costs roughly $27,000 per hour to fly. Meanwhile, the F-35A costs more than $40,000 an hour to fly, according to The War Zone. Finally, The War Zone said the F-15X will have a 20,000-hour service life, meaning it could be flying for several more decades. Still, Boeing officials have not outright confirmed they were pitching the F-15X. “We see the marketplace expanding internationally and it's creating opportunities then to go back and talk to the U.S. Air Force about what might be future upgrades or even potentially future acquisitions of the F-15 aircraft,” Gene Cunningham, vice president of global sales of Defense, Space & Security, told DefenseOne. The Air Force has been considering retiring its F-15 Eagles for some time. In March 2016, service officials said they were considering a retirement for the more than 230 F-15 C and D fighters, and replacing them with F-16 Fighting Falcons. Speaking before the Senate Armed Services air land forces subcommittee in April, Lt. Gen. Jerry Harris, the Air Force's deputy chief of staff for strategic plans and requirements, said the service was still looking at options for the F-15 fleet. “There's nothing off the table,” Harris said. “We're looking at, as we bring F-35s in, can we grow our capacity rather than just replace one-for-one? If we can't do that, what's our least-capable asset to retire, based on the value that it would provide for us?” https://www.airforcetimes.com/news/your-air-force/2018/07/30/boeings-new-f-15x-may-replace-an-aging-fleet-of-f-15cd-eagles/