12 février 2018 | International, Aérospatial, Naval, Terrestre, C4ISR, Sécurité

Loi de programmation militaire 2019-2025: les failles du Budget des armées

Par Vincent Lamigeon

La loi de programmation militaire 2019-2025 marque une remontée en puissance inédite depuis 25 ans, avec une priorité à la régénération des hommes et au renouvellement des matériels. Mais une bonne partie de l'effort financier est reportée au-delà du quinquennat. Et des manques persistent.

Près de 300 milliards d'euros en sept ans pour les armées. La loi de programmation militaire 2019-2025 présentée le 8 février marque une remontée en puissance financière inédite depuis la fin de la Guerre froide. Le budget militaire doit ainsi passer de 34,2 milliards d'euros en 2018 à 50 milliards d'euros en 2025, pour atteindre les fameux 2% du PIB promis par Emmanuel Macron lors de sa campagne. L'augmentation se fera en deux temps : 1,7 milliard d'euros de plus par an jusqu'à 2022, puis 3 milliards par an de 2023 à 2025, avec un ajustement possible des deux dernières annuités en fonction de la situation économique.

Que penser de cette "LPM de renouveau", selon les termes du ministère des armées ? A l'évidence, il s'agit d'un effort majeur. Sur la période 2019-2023, le budget moyen du ministère atteindra 39,6 milliards d'euros, soit 23% de plus que la moyenne 2014-2019. Les effectifs des armées vont repartir à la hausse, avec 6.000 postes en plus, dont 3.000 d'ici à 2023. L'hémorragie qui avait vu la défense perdre 60.000 postes de 2005 à 2015 est donc stoppée, avec une priorité marquée pour le renseignement (+ 1.500 postes et 4,6 milliards d'euros investis d'ici à 2025) et la cyberdéfense (+ 1.000 postes, 1,6 milliard d'euros). Même le général Pierre de Villiers, qui avait démissionné en juillet à la suite d'un désaccord budgétaire avec l'Elysée, a salué sur France 3 "une dynamique réelle", tout en se disant vigilant sur le respect des engagements.

Renouvellement des équipements

La force de cette LPM est d'avoir su trancher sur un point majeur : plutôt que de lancer des grands programmes, type second porte-avions, à forte résonance médiatique mais répondant moins aux besoins opérationnels immédiats, la loi se concentre sur la régénération des hommes et des matériels. Ceux-ci ont été durement éprouvés par des opérations extérieures et intérieures qui dépassent de 30% le niveau prévu par le Livre blanc de 2013. Priorité est donc donnée à la condition de vie des militaires et de leurs familles : 530 millions dans le cadre du "plan familles", et 11 milliards d'euros prévus pour les infrastructures de défense. L'effort est aussi sensible sur les petits équipements, peu médiatisés mais essentiels à la mission des soldats : treillis ignifugés, gilets pare-balles, casques, protection NRBC (nucléaire, radiologique, bactériologique et chimique). La maintenance, talon d'Achille des armées fraises est également soignée, avec 22 milliards d'euros consacrés à l'entretien des matériels d'ici à 2023.

L'autre grande priorité de la LPM est le renouvellement d'équipements hors d''ge. Le programme Scorpion de renouvellement des blindés de l'armée de terre voit ainsi ses livraisons accélérées : 50% des véhicules multi-rôles Griffon et des engins de combats Jaguar seront livrés d'ici à 2025. Ceux-ci remplaceront les antiques VAB et autres AMX 10RC, même si plusieurs centaines de ces machines seront toujours en service en 2025. La Marine ? Elle se verra livrer quatre pétroliers ravitailleurs au lieu de trois, et aura droit à trois avions de patrouille maritime Atlantique 2 rénovés en plus (18 au lieu de 15). Côté armée de l'air, la commande d'avions ravitailleurs A330 MRTT passe de 12 à 15 exemplaires, dont une douzaine livrée d'ici à 2023. Ces appareils remplaceront les antiques C135FR, livrés en 1965.

La dissuasion choyée

Conformément au souhait d'Emmanuel Macron, le renouvellement de la dissuasion, dans ses deux composantes océanique et aéroportée, est aussi acté, un investissement de 25 milliards d'euros en cinq ans à la clé. Cette accélération permettra de financer le renouvellement du missile ASMP/A embarqué sur Rafale, le lancement du développement des nouveaux sous-marins lanceurs d'engins (SNLE 3G) et du futur missile balistique M51-3. Le coût annuel de la dissuasion va ainsi passer de 3,9 milliards à environ 6 milliards en 2025. La LPM marque enfin un effort important sur le segment spatial : 3 satellites d'observation CSO et un satellite d'écoute électromagnétique CERES seront mis sur orbite d'ici à 2025.

L'effort financier énorme de la LPM a convaincu les industriels. "Ce projet de LPM marque un effort important de la nation pour ses armées", se félicite Eric Trappier, PDG de Dassault Aviation et président du Cidef (Conseil des industries de défense françaises), rappelant que cet investissement est le garant de l'"autonomie stratégique française", et de la santé d'une filière "compétitive, innovante, exportatrice et créatrice d'emplois stables à forte valeur ajoutée technologique (200.000 emplois environ)".

Essentiel de l'effort après 2022

A bien y regarder, la LPM laisse quand même quelques questions ouvertes. D'abord, une bonne part de l'effort financier est reportée 2023 et 2025, soit hors quinquennat. La hausse annuelle du budget de défense devra alors quasiment doubler, passant de +1,7 milliard par an à +3 milliards. "Cela crée un certain flou : où en sera la situation économique en 2023 ?, s'interroge le député LR François Cornut-Gentille, rapporteur spécial sur le budget défense au sein de la commission des finances de l'Assemblée nationale. Il aurait fallu une montée en puissance plus progressive, avec une plus grande part focalisée sur le quinquennat actuel." De fait, la LPM ne précise pas le niveau exact des budgets militaires 2024 et 2025, qui devront prendre en compte "la situation macroéconomique à cette date". Cette précision ressemble fort à une porte ouverte à Bercy, qui n'en demandait pas tant.

Autre faiblesse de la LPM : de nombreuses commandes et livraisons d'équipements sont prévues après 2022, voire après 2025, ce qui jette un doute sur leur confirmation. C'est le cas du programme dit HIL (hélicoptères interarmées légers) : ce nouvel appareil, basé sur le H160 d'Airbus Helicopters, devait remplacer trois flottes d'hélicoptères hors d''ge (Fennec, Alouette III...). Les armées devront attendre : le lancement du programme n'est annoncé qu'en 2022, pour de premières livraisons en 2028.

Peu de livraisons de Rafale

La LPM semble avoir aussi fermé la porte à une demande de l'armée de l'air de passer de 185 avions de chasse à 215 appareils. Le projet de loi prévoit un format qui restera à 185 appareils à l'horizon 2030. Cette prudence se retrouve dans les faibles livraisons de Rafale prévues : seulement 28 appareils destinés à l'armée de l'air et à la marine seront livrés en 7 ans, soit seulement 4 par an en moyenne. L'armée de l'air pourra un peu se consoler avec la rénovation de 55 Mirage 2000D.

Une autre grosse déception concerne le financement des études amont. Le montant annuel doit passer de 730 millions à 1 milliard d'euros, mais cette augmentation sera étalée sur cinq ans. Cet effort apparaît trop modeste au vu des enjeux des armées à l'horizon 2030, notamment sur l'intelligence artificielle et la robotisation. Une DARPA à la française (ou à l'européenne), du nom de la cellule d'innovation avancée du Pentagone, ne serait pas de trop pour faire face aux ambitions américaines, russes ou chinoises.

https://www.challenges.fr/entreprise/defense/loi-de-programmation-militaire-2019-2025-les-failles-du-budget-des-armees_566354

Sur le même sujet

  • Mattis says US will work more closely with Argentina

    16 août 2018 | International, Aérospatial

    Mattis says US will work more closely with Argentina

    By: Robert Burns, The Associated Press BUENOS AIRES, Argentina — The U.S. and Argentinian militaries will pursue closer cooperation on numerous fronts, including military education and training, U.S. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis said Wednesday after meeting with his counterpart during the first visit to Argentina by an American defense chief in 13 years. "We focused on what we can do working together as they go through very difficult economic times," Mattis told reporters as he was departing Buenos Aires for a flight to Santiago, Chile. "Both sides are very open to a stronger military-to-military relationship in complete transparency, so there cannot be any doubt about what's going on." Before they met, Mattis and Argentinian Defense Minister Oscar Aguad publicly expressed their hope for better ties. Mattis alluded to the help the U.S. Navy provided Argentina last November when one of its submarines went missing with 44 sailors aboard. The last U.S. secretary of defense to visit Argentina was Donald H. Rumsfeld in 2005. https://www.militarytimes.com/news/pentagon-congress/2018/08/16/mattis-says-us-will-work-more-closely-with-argentina/

  • Contract Awards by US Department of Defense - November 01, 2019

    4 novembre 2019 | International, Aérospatial, Naval, Terrestre, C4ISR, Sécurité

    Contract Awards by US Department of Defense - November 01, 2019

    NAVY Rightstar Inc., Vienna, Virginia, is being awarded a multiple-award, firm-fixed-price Department of Defense (DoD) Enterprise Software Initiative (ESI) blanket purchase agreement (BPA) in accordance with the firms' General Services Administration (GSA) Federal Supply Schedule contracts. The potential estimated value of this category of BPA is $820,450,000. This agreement is being awarded as part of a multi-reseller/multi-software publisher software category management award for commercial off-the-shelf information technology asset management software; software maintenance support; information technology professional services; and related services in support of DoD ESI and under the direction of Office of Management and Budget, Enterprise Software Category. The software publisher under this agreement is Nlyte. The BPA provides for the purchase of Nlyte products and services by the DoD, U.S. intelligence community, and the Coast Guard worldwide. The ordering period will be for a maximum of 10 years from Nov. 1, 2019, through July 11, 2029. This BPA is issued under DoD ESI in accordance with the policy and guidelines in the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement, Section 208.74. This BPA will not obligate funds at the time of award. Funds will be obligated as task orders using operations and maintenance (DoD) funds. Requirements will be competed among the awardees in accordance with Federal Acquisition Regulation 8.403-3(c)(2), and the successful contractor will receive firm fixed-price orders. This BPA was competitively procured via the GSA E-Buy web site among 679 vendors. Two offers were received and two were selected for award. Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, California, is the contracting activity (N66001-20-A-0006). Northrop Grumman Systems Corp. - Marine Systems, Sunnyvale, California, is awarded a cost-plus incentive-fee $77,377,019 contract modification (P00002) to a previously awarded contract (N00030-19-C-0015) for technical engineering services, design and development engineering, component and full scale test and evaluation engineering, and tactical underwater launcher hardware production to support the development and production of the Common Missile Compartment (CMC). Work will be performed in Sunnyvale, California (55%); Ridgecrest, California (20%); Cape Canaveral, Florida (10%); Bangor, Washington (5%); Kings Bay, Georgia (5%); Barrow-In-Furness, England (2%); New London, Connecticut (1%); Quonset Point, Rhode Island (1%); and Arlington, Virginia (1%), and is expected to be completed by March 31, 2024. Fiscal 2020 shipbuilding and conversion Navy funding in the amount of $34,868,308 will be obligated on this award. Fiscal 2020 United Kingdom common funding in the amount of $42,508,711 will be obligated on this award. No funds will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. Strategic Systems Programs, Washington, District of Columbia, is the contracting activity. Ultra Electronic Ocean Systems, Braintree, Massachusetts, is awarded a $45,161,439 indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity, cost-plus-fixed-fee and firm-fixed-price contract for engineering and technical service for the design, development, testing, integration, technology insertion/refreshment and system support of the AN/BPS radar software management system on new construction and in-service submarines. Work will be performed in Chantilly, Virginia (50%); and Wake Forest, North Carolina (50%), and is expected to be completed by October 2020. This contract includes options which, if exercised, would bring the cumulative value of this contract to $100,861,439, and be complete by May 2026. Fiscal 2019 shipbuilding and conversion (Navy-SCN); 2015 shipbuilding and conversion (Navy-SCN); 2019 other procurement (Navy-OPN); and 2014 shipbuilding and conversion (Navy-SCN) funding in the amount of $1,700,000 will be obligated at time of award and will not expire at the end of current fiscal year — funding: fiscal 2019 SCN (58%); fiscal 2015 SCN (18%); fiscal 2019 OPN (18%); and fiscal 2014 SCN (6%). In accordance with 10 U.S. Code 2304(c)(5), authorized or required by statute 15 U.S. Code 638(r)(4) states: "To the greatest extent practical, Federal agencies and Federal prime contractors shall issue Phase III awards relating to technology, including sole source awards, to the SBIR and STTR award recipients that developed the technology." The Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington Navy Yard, District of Columbia, is the contracting activity (N00024-20-D-6202). Lockheed Martin, Rotary and Mission Systems, Baltimore, Maryland, is awarded a $12,019,951 cost-plus-fixed-fee modification to a previously-awarded contract N00024-11-C-2300 to exercise an option for the accomplishment of post-delivery support for USS Minneapolis-Saint Paul (LCS 21) of the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) program. This option exercise is for post-delivery support for the LCS program. Lockheed Martin, Rotary and Mission Systems, will provide expert design, planning and material support for LCS 21's post-delivery period. Lockheed Martin will perform the planning and implementation of deferred design changes that have been identified during the construction period. The corrections and upgrades are necessary to support USS Minneapolis-St. Paul sail-away and follow-on post-delivery test and trials period. Work will be performed in Marinette, Wisconsin (57%); Hampton, Virginia (14%); Moorestown, New Jersey (11%); San Diego, California (11%); and Washington, District of Columbia (7%), and is expected to be completed by October 2021. Fiscal 2015 shipbuilding and conversion (Navy) funding for $7,000,000 will be obligated at time of award and will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. The Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, District of Columbia, is the contracting activity. General Electric Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, is awarded an $8,747,720 firm-fixed-price delivery order (N00024-20-F-4117) under a previously-awarded basic ordering agreement N00024-18-G-4113 for integrated electronic controller kits for LM2500 marine gas turbine engines. The materials procured under this basic ordering agreement are LM2500 MGTEs and related material. MGTEs are installed in FFG 7, CG 47, DDG 51, LCS Independence variant, LHD 8 and LHA 6AF-class vessels. Work will be performed in Cincinnati, Ohio, and is expected to be completed by December 2020. Fiscal 2020 other procurement (Navy) funding in the amount of $8,747,720 will be obligated at time of award and will not expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This order was not competitively procured, in accordance with 10 U.S. Code 2304(c)(1) (only one responsible source and no other supplies or services will satisfy agency requirements). The Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, District of Columbia, is the contracting activity. DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Dynetics Inc., Hunstville, Alabama (HHM402-19-D-0023), was awarded a five-year base with possible five-year option indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract with a ceiling value of $737,992,267. This contract will provide support services for the Missile and Space Intelligence Center. Work will be performed at Redstone Arsenal and Huntsville, Alabama, with an expected completion date of Oct. 31, 2029. The contract was awarded through a full and open solicitation and one offer was received. The Virginia Contracting Activity, Washington, District of Columbia, is the contracting activity. Booz Allen Hamilton, Alexandria, Virginia (HHM402-20-D-0002); Deloitte Consulting LLP, Arlington, Virginia (HHM402-20-D-0003); Logistics Management Institute, Tysons, Virginia (HHM402-20-D-0004); and Solutions Through Innovative Technologies, Fairborn, Ohio (HHM402-20-D-0005); were awarded a one-year base plus four one-year options indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity (ID/IQ), multiple-award contract for strategic workforce analysis planning and management (SWAPM) with a maximum obligation amount of $88,714,746. This contract will provide support services to strategic workforce planning and analysis initiatives to support career field managers and organizational talent and position management requirements. Work will be performed in the National Capital Region with an estimated completion date of Oct. 17, 2024. No funds were obligated at time of award. The SWAPM contract was awarded through a full and open solicitation and five offers were received. Each company will receive a $2,500 minimum guarantee. Task Orders (TO) will be issued competitively under this ID/IQ, which will allow for the following TO contract types: firm-fixed-price, labor hour and time-and-material. The Virginia Contracting Activity, Washington, District of Columbia, is the contracting activity. (Awarded Oct. 18, 2019) MISSILE DEFENSE AGENCY Raytheon Missile Systems, Tucson, Arizona, is being awarded a sole source, cost only contract modification (P00069) under previously awarded contract HQ0276-15-C-0003 to increase the CLIN 0014 undefinitized contract action not-to-exceed value by $267,178,800 from $387,187,200 to $654,366,000. Under this modification, the "pacing items only" restriction is removed and the contractor is now authorized to work the full, unchanged, effort to manufacture, assemble, test and deliver 20 Standard Missile-3 Block IIA missiles and related efforts, and four missiles under Foreign Military Sales (FMS) case JA-P-ATB to Japan. The value of the contract is increased by $267,178,800 from $1,198,400,240 to $1,465,579,040. The work will be performed in Tucson, Arizona; and Huntsville, Alabama, with an estimated completion date of December 2022. Fiscal 2018 procurement, defense-wide funds in the amount of $209,000,000; and FMS funds in the amount of $7,652,000 will be obligated at the time of award. The Missile Defense Agency, Dahlgren, Virginia, is the contracting activity (HQ0276-15-C-0003). ARMY Ravenswood Solutions, Fremont, California, was awarded a $62,896,230 hybrid (cost-no-fee and firm-fixed-price) contract for a fully instrumented, highly realistic, and immersive training environment. Bids were solicited via the internet with three received. Work locations and funding will be determined with each order, with an estimated completion date of Oct. 31, 2024. U.S. Army Contracting Command, Orlando, Florida, is the contracting activity (W900KK-20-D-0002). General Dynamics Land Systems, Sterling Heights, Michigan, was awarded a $9,043,846 modification (P00091) to contract W56HZV-17-C-0067 for Abrams systems technical support. Work will be performed in Sterling Heights, Michigan, with an estimated completion date of Sept. 30, 2021. Fiscal 2019 and 2020 procurement of weapons and tracked combat vehicles; and operations and maintenance, Army funds in the amount of $9,043,846 were obligated at the time of the award. U.S. Army Contracting Command, Warren, Michigan, is the contracting activity. Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, was awarded an $8,600,000 modification (P00001) to contract W911W6-18-C-0050 for or primary aircraft structure, to understand and overcome challenges to production of primary aircraft structure using stretch-broken carbon fiber. Work will be performed in Bozeman, Montana, with an estimated completion date of Sept. 30, 2021. Fiscal 2018 and 2019 research, development, test and evaluation, Army funds in the amount of $8,600,000 were obligated at the time of the award. U.S. Army Contracting Command, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, is the contracting activity. Shearwater Mission Support LLC,* Anchorage, Alaska, was awarded a $7,238,172 modification (P00008) to contract W911S8-18-D-0018 for installation support services. Bids were solicited via the internet with six received. Work locations and funding will be determined with each order, with an estimated completion date of Oct. 30, 2020. U.S. Army Mission Installation Contracting Command, Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona, is the contracting activity. DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY U.S. Foods Inc., Salem, Missouri, has been awarded a maximum $43,988,785 fixed-price with economic-price-adjustment, indefinite-quantity contract for full-line food distribution for customers in the Missouri and Illinois area. This was a sole source acquisition using justification 10 U.S. Code 2304 (c)(1), as stated in Federal Acquisition Regulation 6.302-1. This is a 364-day bridge contract with no option periods. Location of performance is Missouri, with an Oct. 31, 2020, performance completion date. Using customers are Army, Air Force, Army National Guard, Air National Guard and other federal agencies. Type of appropriation is fiscal 2020 defense working capital funds. The contracting agency is the Defense Logistics Agency Troop Support, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SPE300-20-D-3243). Oshkosh Defense LLC, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, has been awarded an estimated $25,340,721 fixed-price, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract for tire and wheel assemblies. This was a competitive acquisition with one response received. This is a three-year base contract with two one-year option periods. Locations of performance are Wisconsin and New Jersey, with an Oct. 31, 2022, performance completion date. Using customers are Army and foreign military sales. Type of appropriation is fiscal 2019 through 2021 defense working capital funds. The contracting activity is the Defense Logistics Agency Land and Maritime, Columbus, Ohio (SPE7LX-20-D-0022). AIR FORCE Raytheon Missile Systems, Tucson, Arizona, has been awarded a $16,553,897 cost-plus-fixed-fee contract for universal armament interface. This contract provides for system engineering and program management for universal armament interface development. Work will be performed in Tucson, Arizona, and is expected to be completed by Nov. 19, 2024. This award is the result of a sole source acquisition. Fiscal 2020 research, development, test and evaluation funds in the amount of $923,829 are being obligated at the time of award. The Air Force Life Cycle Management Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, is the contracting activity (FA8628-20-C-2267). Pacific Scientific Energetic Materials Co., Hollister, California, has been awarded a $13,394,557 firm-fix-price with economic-price-adjustment for sustainment of B-1B Aircraft. This contract provides 48 shield mild detonating cord (SMDC) kits for B-1B aircraft; with each kit contains 461 SMDC lines. Work will be performed at Hollister, California, and is expected to be completed by June 30, 2023. This award is the result of a sole source acquisition. Fiscal 2018, 2019 and 2020 aircraft procurement funds in the amount of $13,394,557 will be obligated at the time of the award. The Air Force Life Cycle Management Center, Ammunition Contracting Division, Hill Air Force Base, Utah, is the contracting activity. *Small Business https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Contracts/Contract/Article/2006604/source/GovDelivery/

  • US drone maker senses a leg up in Europe

    25 juin 2019 | International, Aérospatial

    US drone maker senses a leg up in Europe

    By: Sebastian Sprenger PARIS — U.S. drone-maker General Atomics looks to get a foothold in the European market by touting the promise of smooth civilian-airspace integration of its aircraft by militaries there. The company considers the United Kingdom, with its Protector program of 20 or so planned aircraft, as the launch customer for the MQ-9B SkyGuardian, a successor to the Reaper. The medium-altitude, long-endurance (MALE) drones come with safety features that executives at this year's Paris Air Show said will enable a so-called military-type certification by the British authorities in the summer of 2023 — the final step toward allowing the drone to fly routinely alongside civilian air traffic. Belgium also has gained U.S. approval to buy four of the aircraft, complete with a detect-and-avoid suite that can alert the system whenever its flight path risks hitting another aircraft, according to a March 26 announcement by the Pentagon's Defense Security Cooperation Agency. That technology, along with a host of technologies for safe operations that have long been standard in manned aviation, is still considered something of a holy grail in the drone business. With unmanned aircraft expected to reach deeper into military and civilian life in the coming years, manufacturers on both sides of the Atlantic have been working feverishly to construct their products with requisite safety certifications in mind. General Atomics' sales pitch is perhaps indicative of an industry where the potential for airspace integration is now taking an equal seat to reconnaissance capabilities and combat punch. The American company can be expected to tread on manufacturers' toes in Europe, where vendors are shaping the evolving regulatory landscape of the European Union and member states to ensure compliance with all expected safety requirements. “We believe we should be there first,” General Atomics President David Alexander told reporters at a briefing during the air show. Being first with a certified drone, he noted, would also open vast potential of the commercial market. But questions remain. Most importantly, issue experts said, it is unclear if the European authorities will honor whatever progress in safety certifications the MQ-9B has made in the eyes of the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration. Company officials told Defense News they try to keep their fingers at the pulse of the relevant policymaking processes on the continent, putting them at the same tables as suppliers in the European industry, like Airbus, Hensoldt or Leonardo. The American firm recently worked with the Royal Netherlands Aerospace Center, or NLR, to simulate a SkyGuardian flying in European airspace. “During the first simulations performed in May, we subjected air traffic controllers to many contingency procedures ranging from engine failure to loss-of-link between the pilot and the remotely piloted aircraft,” Emmanuel Sunil, an NLR project manager, said in a June 18 statement by the research center. “The results indicate that the new procedures that we are developing will make it possible for MALE RPA to fly safely and efficiently in civil European airspace along with other manned air traffic.” https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/paris-air-show/2019/06/21/us-drone-maker-senses-a-leg-up-in-europe/

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