22 octobre 2019 | Local, Aérospatial

JOUER LES MÉCHANTS PROFITE À TOP ACES

JOUER LES MÉCHANTS PROFITE À TOP ACES

JEAN-FRANÇOIS CODÈRE

L'armée de l'air américaine a choisi vendredi sept entreprises, dont la montréalaise Top Aces, pour venir « jouer les méchants » lors de ses entraînements. Le contrat pourrait permettre à Top Aces de doubler sa taille et devrait confirmer qu'elle deviendra bientôt le premier opérateur privé au monde d'avions de chasse F-16.

Fondée il y a 15 ans par trois anciens pilotes de chasse canadiens, Top Aces offre aujourd'hui aux armées canadienne et allemande des services d'entraînement pour leurs pilotes. Top Aces fournit ses propres pilotes, sélectionnés parmi les meilleurs de leur profession, et ses propres avions afin de servir d'adversaires.

Le marché est prometteur. De 100 à 150 millions de dollars qu'il représentait jusqu'à tout récemment à l'échelle mondiale, il pourrait bientôt toucher les 3 milliards, gr'ce notamment à l'entrée en scène des Américains. Eux aussi ont découvert l'intérêt de sous-traiter le rôle de l'ennemi : coûts inférieurs et des heures d'entraînement plus productives pour les pilotes.

« Un pilote qui joue à l'adversaire est limité et il n'utilise pas ses heures de vol à son plein potentiel », rappelle Didier Toussaint, cofondateur et chef des opérations de Top Aces.

CONTRAT AMÉRICAIN

Vendredi, l'armée américaine a retenu sept entreprises à l'occasion d'un appel d'offres pour un contrat-cadre d'une valeur maximale de 6,4 milliards US. Ces sept entreprises seront donc admissibles à participer aux appels d'offres à venir de 12 bases américaines.

« Chacune de ces bases représente un contrat plus important que celui que nous avons pour l'ensemble du Canada. »

— Didier Toussaint, cofondateur et chef des opérations de Top Aces

Avec ses 29 appareils F-16 achetés de l'armée israélienne, Top Aces devrait être l'entreprise la mieux équipée du lot. Elle est déjà la plus importante en matière d'heures de vol effectuées. Elle devrait donc principalement se concentrer sur les bases aux besoins les plus évolués, celles qui abritent des F-35, par exemple.

À elle seule, cette expansion américaine représente un investissement de 450 millions US pour Top Aces. En plus des appareils, il faudra embaucher des pilotes, des ingénieurs et des mécaniciens. Une cinquantaine de pilotes américains ont déjà reçu des promesses d'embauche. Un ancien officier américain de haut rang quittait le bureau de M. Toussaint au moment où La Presse y est entrée. Il venait de passer un entretien d'embauche.

Top Aces s'apprête à accueillir de nouveaux investisseurs institutionnels, « dont certains québécois », qui lui permettront de franchir cette étape. Clairvest, de Toronto, et JPMorgan ont déjà une place dans son capital.

D'autres bonnes nouvelles pourraient aussi survenir au cours de la prochaine année. Le Royaume-Uni est à la recherche de services du même genre, tout comme l'Australie, dont Top Aces a été le fournisseur pendant une période d'essai de deux ans.

MOINS COÛTEUX

Si les services de Top Aces représentent des économies pour les armées de l'air, ce n'est pas en raison du coût du personnel. Les pilotes sont rares et l'entreprise doit les payer à leur valeur, dit M. Toussaint.

L'économie vient plutôt des appareils. En attendant ses F-16, Top Aces fournit ses services à l'armée canadienne avec 16 appareils Alpha Jet, des avions d'abord conçus pour l'entraînement et qui coûtent moins cher à manœuvrer que les F-18 de l'armée. Leurs performances moindres ne sont pas vraiment significatives dans la plupart des contextes, explique M. Toussaint.

« On n'est pas à 50 % des F-18, on est plutôt autour de 90 %. C'est le dernier 10 % qui coûte cher. »

— Didier Toussaint, cofondateur et chef des opérations de Top Aces

Environ 2000 heures de vol sont encore effectuées par des F-18 qui servent d'adversaires dans les contextes où la performance de l'appareil est critique. Top Aces s'occupe du reste. Les jeunes pilotes, moins expérimentés, gagnent à affronter des avions inférieurs dirigés par des pilotes plus expérimentés, indique d'abord M. Toussaint. Les Alpha Jet sont aussi convenables dans des simulations impliquant de nombreux appareils, où la performance de chacun est moins importante.

Finalement, l'entreprise fournit aussi des services à la marine, aux forces spéciales et à l'armée de terre. Les soldats s'entraînent à commander des frappes aériennes et la nature de l'appareil qui répond à leurs commandes importe peu. Quant à la marine, elle s'exerce à tirer sur des cibles en forme de missiles traînées par des avions d'affaires Learjet, au bout d'un c'ble.

Si l'interminable saga du renouvellement de la flotte d'avions de chasse finit par aboutir, le Canada se retrouvera équipé d'avions encore plus performants que les F-16 que détiendra Top Aces. Encore là, pas de souci, selon M. Toussaint.

« Ce qu'on réplique, ce sont des avions ennemis, essentiellement russes ou chinois pour être clair. Nos F-16, qui seront bien équipés, vont faire le travail. »

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